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18

CHENNAI | 4 JUNE 2022

1

>

The strange bestiary of the ancient world

ic tales of monsters and dragons or moralistic tales with life lessons wrapped in metaphor. In such retellings and collections, the stories end up revealing barely a part of the knowledge that their ancient storytellers vested in them.

Nayak has been diligent in putting together a diverse collection and also steers clear of the usual ways of looking at these unusual

  • CAR REVIEW N

SPEC SHEET

Power [PS(kW) @rpm]:

150(110) @ 5,000-6,000

Torque: [Nm@rpm]:

250 @ 1,600-3,500

Transmission: 7-speedDSG

Acollectionofreality-bendinganimal storiesrevealsthestrongtiesthatonce existedbetweenhumansandnature

ARUNDHUTI DASGUPTA

The stories may appear strange

and unbelievable today, but they

ea monsters that gulp down

represent a time (or perhaps an idea

whole whales, talking parrots

of an age) when all of this was well

Sthat play matchmaker to

within the realms of possibility. It

kings and queens, immortal

would have been entirely plausible,

crocodiles that ferry gods and god-

therefore, to create a heroic charac-

desses across earth, sky and water,

ter such as Jatayu - a 60,000-year-

shape-shifting tigers and tortoises

old vulture the size of a mountain

that hold up the earth - the world

with feelings and fears that were

of myth, fable and folklore is teem-

only too human - within the epic

ing with fantastic beasts and their

framework of the Ramayana. Or for

stories. She turns to them as a researcher would, looking for hidden meanings and multiple versions and the compulsions that drove the storytelling. There is a story about this magnificent sea creature called the Timingila ("Timingila That Once Was"). It was so large that it could swallow a whale in a single gulp and even a glimpse of its undulating form in the ocean could freeze the bravest of warriors. The creature rarely showed itself, but it is believed to have made an appearance for Arjuna, the Mahabharata hero, when he was on a mission to procure divine weapons for the great

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fabulous deeds.

that matter, to imagine that the

Mythical beasts and reality-

crocodilecouldbementorandguide

bending animal stories make their

to the warrior clan (human and oth-

way into nearly every

erwise) and also influ-

collection

of

ancient

ence the fates of ordi-

tales. There is no end to

nary human beings.

the possibilities

and

Nothingwastoofar-out

animal combinations

or outlandish.

that were explored as

The Makara, ances-

storytellers and myth-

tor to all crocodiles and

makers

sought

to

BOOKS

lord of the waters, was

understand

other

propitiated by kings

species and their seem-

& IDEAS

and their armies. His

ingly inexplicable ways.

ability to rule over such

It was not just the

large swathes of inhos-

extraordinary

(lion-

pitable territory made

headed birds and fire-breathing

him a power to reckon with, one

dragons) that drew the attention

who could swing battles and

of storytellers, the regular and the

destroy kingdoms. Thus, he was

ordinary too had them in thrall.

memorialised in battle formations

The peacock and his rain-dance,

(both the Arthashastra and the

the chakor bird (partridge) and its

Mahabharata mention this) and

fascination for the moon, the

invoked in war hymns. At the same

snake and its shedding of the skin

time, the Makara is also part of the

- everything lent itself to a myth

astrological framework of Rashis

or a fable.

and Nakshatras in India. Its symbol

In her collection (Adbhut:

is the "ear" that represents the pow-

Marvellous Creatures of

Indian

er of listening, which brings wis-

Myth and Folklore), the author

dom and knowledge.

Meena Arora Nayak brings out the

The ability to build a narrative

human fascination for a world so

that assigns human roles to ani-

near and yet so different from their

mals may seem routine today, but

own. The book reveals the strong

when first told, the stories marked

ties that once existed between

a remarkable leap of the human

humans and nature and also, the

mind. The stories reveal a world

remarkable versatility and imagi-

where the human-animal relation-

native capacity of the ancient mind

ship was intimate and distant at

MARVELLOUS CREATURES

OF INDIAN MYTH

AND FOLKLORE

Author: Meena Arora Nayak

Publisher: Aleph

Price: ~499

Pages: 179

the same time. Living in close proximity and yet leading extremely different lives created a space where the lines between the real and imaginary were routinely blurred. Hence animals, fierce and dangerous on the one hand also possessed very human qualities of wisdom and memory, and experienced the same emotions of regret and helplessness.

The tales are, therefore, as much about the animal kingdom as they are about human beha- viour. They were layered in contextual references and meaning and the telling was, almost always, a ritualised performance or associated with special occasions.

Unfortunately, many modern- day retellings lose the nuance and complexity. As children's literature or fantasy, the stories turn into stat-

war. Rama and his army of monkeys also encountered it. But for most, the Timingila fish was an invisible enemy that made its presence felt through stormy seas and crashing waves. This is why, Nayak writes, it came to represent the unfathomable for poets and writers who used it to describe indescribable agonies and torture.

The idea of a mythical beast that makes its presence felt through its absence is not unique to Indian myths. There are similar stories about river and sea monsters in nearly every culture. The point is that the world of animal stories is fascinating not just because they are psychedelic, conscious-expanding experiences, but also because they stretch an invisible web of connections across diverse cultures. Could this book have looked into the comparative frame that such stories live within? Yes, definitely. Does it do that? No. And that is a missed opportunity.

Given the otherwise remarkable manner in which the author has treated these old stories, it would have been interesting to place them within a comparative framework. It would have been an invaluable contribution to the field of mythological and folklore studies and also helped readers look at the world through a different lens; one that

PAVAN LALL

Mumbai, 3 June

India is no easy market for any foreign auto major. Its consumers are pickywithavarietyofchoicesavail- able, the incumbents have a cost advantage, and trends shift rapidly without much warning.

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For Volkswagen to then launch a brand new sedan is telling. The Latinword"virtus"meansaspecific virtue, with connotations that include valour and manliness. The car is indeed designed to look, act and behave like a well-built European sedan that swims in the segment between the compact sedan VW Vento and the larger Passat, competing with the likes of the Honda City, Škoda Slavia, HyundaiVernaandtheMarutiCiaz.

tive of earlier larger VW sedans. Deftly sculpted shoulder lines, chrome accents on the door han- dles,grilleandnearthewindowsof the car, all come together to make ittakeonanysedaninthesegment.

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Inside it has all the expected fitoutsofaGermancar.Understated but premium plastics and fabric comprise the seats, and the dash- boardistypicalVWwith easy-to-read functions andspeedometer.There

are other features which, while premium, are getting to be fairly common among most cars nowadays, including wireless charging, ventilated seats, a large infotainment screen and so on.

When you start the Virtus it respondswithareasonablyrefined engine sound, well-tuned engine thatspringstotheroadandhandles the tarmac with ease and agility. Both on slow, traffic-laden lanes as well as on roaring expressways, the Virtusperformscommendablywith

neck or simply cruising within regular speeds.

The car shifts from gear to gear in automatic mode without jerki- nessorthefeelingofanyturbo-lag, atestamenttothepopularityofthe DSG gearbox that has been widely usedinVW'ssisterbrand,theAudi, and its range of cars as well.

While the Virtus stands out in a segmentthathasrecentlyseenalot of action (new Honda City, Škoda Slavia), it is no secret that the midrange segment of sedans has been sparse when it comes to choices.

Thesedanhasstartedtomakea comeback and the biggest advan- tageoftheVirtuswouldbeitsprice, which thus far has not beenreleasedbutifmark- etestimatesareanything to go by the range is expected between ~11 lakh and ~17 lakh (ex-show- room).Itshighleveloflo- calpartsandcomponents makeitaverycompelling proposition for buyers

who want international design, comfortandperformancewithrea- sonable costs of ownership, maintenance and service and repair.

Sales are likely to be high when thissmartsedanhitsthemarketbut the proof of the pudding will be when owners have them for a couple years and report feedback on

GIVEN THE OTHERWISE REMARKABLE MANNER IN WHICH THE AUTHOR HAS TREATED THESE OLD STORIES, IT WOULD HAVE BEEN INTERESTING TO PLACE THEM WITHIN A COMPARATIVE FRAMEWORK

reveals just how much we have in common - in our fears and anxieties and our relationship with the animal kingdom.

With its svelte profile the Virtus is a sleek, good-looking car that stands out with a body style that is partlybrandnewandpartlyevoca-

the driver always feeling in command of adequate power whether it'sforspeedinguppastaslow-moving truck, braking before a bottle-

maintenance and dealer support. And that is the eternal virtue for what makes a car successful in the long run.

BREAKFAST WITH BS: >

NAVEEN KISHORE | FOUNDER, SEAGULL BOOKS

Words worth

acrosssubjects,geographiesandlangu-

ages.Someoftheseare:Manifestosforthe

21stCentury,TheAfricaList,TheArabList,

ThePrideList,TheLibraryofBangladesh,

Ashispublishingventure

TheFrenchList,andTheGermanList.

Theworkisdeeplycherishedinpublis-

turns40,Kishorespeaksto

horewasawardedtheWordsWithoutBord-

ChintanGirishModi about

hingcirclesacrosstheglobe.Lastyear,Kis-

ersOttawayAwardforthePromotionofInt-

theworlditencompasses

ernationalLiterature,recognisinghis"ext-

raordinarystepstoadvanceinternational

literatureinEnglishtranslation"andhis

ntheswelteringheatofpeakApril,I

efforts"tobuildculturalunderstandingby

haveabreakfastmeetingwith

advancingpopularawarenessof

Ipublisher-poet-photographerNaveen

internationalwritersandliteratures".

Kishore.Itisamorningtoberemembered

SeagullBooksseesitselfasaninternati-

fortheman'swarmth,generosityandsense

onalpublisher."Wedon'treallycalloursel-

ofhumour.WeareintheSeaLoungeofthe

vesadecolonisationinitiativebutweliketo

TajMahalPalaceHotelinApolloBandar,

assertthatourmoneyisasgoodasany-

Colaba.Itisagorgeousheritagestructure

oneelse's,sowebuyforeignlanguage

thatstillremindsmeofthehorribleterror

rightsforthewholeworldwhenwe

attackin2008thatshookMumbai,thecity

choosetopublishEnglishtranslat-

thatIhavelivedinformostofmylife.

ionsofbooksthatwerefirstpublis-

KishoreisvisitingfromKolkata,which

SINHA

hedinotherlanguages,"hesays.

ishometohislabouroflove-Seagull

Publishinginternationallyalsomakes

Books-thepublishinghousethatalsohas

BINAY

theirbookseligibleforprizesthatarefor

officesinLondonandNewYork.Itwas

bookspublishedintheUSorEurope.In

foundedin1982.Thisyear,itiscelebrating

ILLUSTRATION:

India,theirbooksaredistributedbyPan

fourdecadesofbeingaround.

MacmillanandAtlanticPublishers.

Iwanttohearallaboutitbutbeforethat

OutsideIndia,thedistributionistaken

Itakeinthemagnificentview-thevast

careofbyChicagoUniversityPress.Kish-

expanseoftheArabianSeasocloseat

oreisproudoftheworkSeagullBooksdoes

hand,almostasifwecouldreachoutand

butrefrainsfromprojectinghispublishing

touchit.Iwonderaboutthekindofview

modelassuperiortoothersinIndia.

thatthebirdsgettotakeineachmorningas

state,alongwithKatyal.Theymet

"Relationshipsareatthecoreofourjou-

theyflyabovetheGatewayofIndiabuzzing

playwrights,directors,actors,andavariety

rney,notonlywithwritersandtranslators

withtourists.

oftechniciansworkingbehindthescenes.

butalsofellowpublishers.Werespectcor-

KishoreandIwalktowardsthebuffet.

"Theysharedsomuchwithus-hon-

porateentitiesandindependents.Theonly

Hegetshimselfacroissant,andordersan

estlyandhesitatingly,openlyanddiplom-

one-upmanshipthatIaminterestedinis

omelette.Igetmyselfacoupleofminiature

atically.Wehadtocastasideourassump-

withmyself.Iwanttokeepdoingthings

samosas,asliceofbreadwithachocolate

tions,andlisten,"hesays."Withthe

better,"saysKishoreaswesegueintotalk-

spread,andorderacrispmasaladosa.He

photographs,Iwasclickinginslowshutter

ingabouttheSeagullSchoolofPublishing.

asksforcoffee;Igetsomefruitjuice.

speed.ItgavemewhatIcallstillsinmotion

"Whenwetrainyoungpeopletoworkin

Kishoreputsawaythebookthathewas

withaplayoflightanddark."Atthatpoint

publishing,weoftenhavemasterclassesby

readingwhenIentered-TejuCole's

oftime,therewasabsolutelynoplanto

peoplefromcorporatepublishers.Itwould

BlackPaper:WritinginADarkTime.

showthephotographsinanartgallery.

befoolishtoturnournosesupatthem.We

Webusyourselveswitheating,sipping,

Kishorerecallshowthequarterlywas

areallpartofthesameecosystem."

andtalking.Theseabecomesour

sustainedbytheenthusiasm

HeisalsokeenlyinvolvedwithPeace-

silentcompanion.

andinterestofacommunityof

Works,aninitiativeoftheSeagullFounda-

'We don't

really

Kishore,69,isinMumbaifor

call ourselves a

theatrepractitioners,readers

tionfortheArtsledbyMeenaMeghaMalh-

theopeningofhisphotography

decolonisation

andacademicsthatgrewaround

otra,thatworkswitheducators,artists,his-

exhibition-TheEpicandThe

initiative but we

it.Beforeitfoldedupin2003,

toriansandcivilsocietynetworks"tostren-

Elusive-curatedbypoet-critic

like to assert

therewereseriouseffortstokeep

gthenvaluesofmutualcoexistenceand

RanjitHoskoteforCymrozaArt

that our money

italive."Weinvitedcriticism,

respectforallcommunities".Itcameupin

GalleryintheBreachCandynei-

is as good as

andwelistened.Someofitwas

2003inresponsetothecommunalviolen-

ghbourhood.Thesearephoto-

anyone else's'

valid,somehurtful,"hesays.

ceinGujarat,andthedesiretomakesure

graphsoftheatreperformances

"Weevenhadagranttoproduce

thatchildren'smindswerenotpoisoned

inManipur.Theyoriginallyappearedin

moreissuesbutthingswerenotcoming

withseedsofhatred.PeaceWorkshasbeen

Issue14-15oftheSeagullTheatreQuarterly

together.Wereturnedthemoneysincewe

hosting"HistoryforPeace"conferencesto

(June-September1997)setupin1994asan

werenotabletodeliver.Sometimes,you

promoteIndia-Pakistandialogue,andto

initiativeofTheSeagullFoundationforthe

havetofacethefactthatsomethingisover."

counterbigotrywithinIndiaitself.

ArtswithAnjumKatyalaseditor.

Therewereconversationstocollaborate

Kishorerequestsanothercupofcoffee.I

Hetellsme,"Wediscoveredthattheatre

withuniversitydepartmentsbut

havehadmyfill.Hehasmoreprojectsup

personsinIndiaprefertobeinterviewed,

eventuallynothingtookoff.

hissleeve,andhe'lltalkaboutthemwhen

unlikeintheUSwheremanyofthemhold

TheatreisKishore'sfirstlove.Thepub-

thetimeisright.Fornow,heispleasedwith

academicjobsandtheirtenuredependson

lishingjourneywasprecededbyhisworkin

havinghisfirstbookofpoetrypublishedby

writingandpublishingtheirwork.Thro-

theatrelightingdesign,whichwasnoteno-

SpeakingTiger.TitledKnottedGrief,much

ughtheinterviews,weendedupwithalot

ughtopaybills,sohebecameanimpresa-

ofitissetinKashmir-alandscapeas

ofprimarymaterialinthevoicesoftheper-

riooreventmanager.Later,whenthepubl-

beautifulandbeleagueredasManipur."It

formers."Theseinterviewsweretranscrib-

ishinghousewasborn,thefirstsetofbooks

isapeaceofferingandacryofpain.Itisa

edandeditedforthejournal.TheManipur-

wascalledtheNewPlaywrightsSeries.

songdedicatedtoallofhumanity,"hesays.

focusedissuegrewoutofhisvisittothe

SeagullBooksnowhasanumberoflists

Iammovedandspeechless.

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Sundram Fasteners Ltd. published this content on 05 June 2022 and is solely responsible for the information contained therein. Distributed by Public, unedited and unaltered, on 05 June 2022 12:31:00 UTC.