You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled "Risk Factors" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2021 , as may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with theSEC . All amounts in this report are inU.S. dollars, unless otherwise note.
Overview
We are a vertically-integrated, multi-state owner and operator of licensed cannabis cultivation, processing and dispensary facilities, and a developer, producer and distributor of innovative branded cannabis and CBD products inthe United States . Although we are committed to creating a national retail brand and portfolio of branded cannabis and cannabidiol ("CBD") products recognized inthe United States , cannabis currently remains illegal underU.S. federal law. Through our subsidiaries, we currently own and/or operate 35 dispensaries and 10 cultivation and/or processing facilities in nineU.S. states. Pursuant to our existing licenses, interests and contractual arrangements, and subject to regulatory approval, we have the capacity to own and/or operate up to an additional 9 dispensary licenses and/or dispensary facilities in six states, plus an uncapped number of dispensary licenses inFlorida , and up to 21 cultivation, manufacturing and/or processing facilities, and we have the right to manufacture and distribute cannabis products in nineU.S. states, all subject to the necessary regulatory approvals. Our multi-state operations encompass the full spectrum of medical and adult-use cannabis and CBD enterprises, including cultivation, processing, product development, wholesale-distribution and retail. Cannabis products offered by us include flower and trim, products containing cannabis flower and trim (such as pre-rolls), cannabis infused products (such as topical creams and edibles) and products containing cannabis extracts (such as vape cartridges, concentrates, live resins, wax products, oils and tinctures). Our CBD products include topical creams, tinctures and sprays and products designed for beauty and skincare (such as lotions, creams, haircare products, lip balms and bath bombs). UnderU.S. federal law, cannabis is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under theU.S. Controlled Substances Act. A Schedule I controlled substance is defined as a substance that has no currently accepted medical use inthe United States , a lack of safety use under medical supervision and a high potential for abuse. Other than Epidiolex (cannabidiol), a cannabis-derived product, and three synthetic cannabis-related drug products (Marinol (dronabinol), Syndros (dronabinol) and Cesamet (nabilone), to our knowledge, theU.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved a marketing application for cannabis for the treatment of any disease or condition and has not approved any cannabis, cannabis-derived or CBD products.
Financial Restructuring
The significant disruption of global financial markets, and specifically, the decline in the overall public equity cannabis markets due to the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted our ability to secure additional capital, which caused liquidity constraints. In early 2020, due to the liquidity constraints, we attempted to negotiate temporary relief of our interest obligations with the lenders (the "Secured Lenders") of our 13.0% senior secured debentures (the "Secured Notes") issued by our wholly-owned subsidiary, iAnthusCapital Management, LLC ("ICM"). However, we were unable to reach an agreement and did not make interest payments when due and payable to the Secured Lenders or payments that were due to the lenders (the "Unsecured Lenders" and together with the Secured Lenders, the "Lenders") of our 8.0% convertible unsecured debentures (the "Unsecured Debentures"). As a result, we defaulted on our obligations pursuant to the Secured Notes and Unsecured Debentures. OnJune 22, 2020 , we received a notice demanding repayment under the Amended and Restated Debenture Purchase Agreement datedOctober 19, 2019 of the entire principal amount of the Secured Notes, together with interest, fees, costs and other charges that have accrued or may accrue from Gotham Green Admin 1, LLC (the "Collateral Agent") holding security for the benefit of the Secured Notes. The Collateral Agent concurrently provided us with the Notice of Intention to Enforce Security under section 244 of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada ). OnJuly 10, 2020 , we entered into a restructuring support agreement (as amended onJune 15, 2021 , the "Restructuring Support Agreement") with the Secured Lenders and certain of our Unsecured Lenders (the "Consenting Unsecured Lenders") to effectuate a recapitalization transaction (the "Recapitalization Transaction"), which we consummated onJune 24, 2022 (the "Closing Date"). The Recapitalization Transaction closed pursuant to the terms of the amended and restated plan of arrangement (the "Plan of Arrangement") under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia ) approved by theSupreme Court of British Columbia (the "Court"). Pursuant to the terms of the Restructuring Support Agreement, the Collateral Agent, the Secured Lenders and the Consenting Unsecured Lenders agreed to forbear from further exercising any rights or remedies in connection with any events of default that existed or may have existed in the future arising under any of the purchase agreements with respect to the Secured Notes and all other agreements delivered in connection therewith, the purchase agreements with respect to the Unsecured Debentures and all other agreements delivered in connection therewith and any other agreement to which the Collateral Agent, Secured Lenders, or Consenting Unsecured Lenders are a party to (collectively, the "Defaults"). As of the Closing Date, the Collateral Agent, Secured Lenders and Consenting Unsecured Lenders irrevocably waived all Defaults. 37
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In connection with the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction, we issued an aggregate of 6,072,579,705 common shares to the Secured Lenders and the Unsecured Lenders. Specifically, we issued 3,036,289,852 common shares (the "Secured Lender Shares"), or 48.625% of our outstanding common shares, to the Secured Lenders and 3,036,289,853 common shares (the "Unsecured Lender Shares" and together with Secured Lender Shares, the "Shares"), or 48.625% of our outstanding common shares, to the Unsecured Lenders. As of the Closing Date, we had 6,244,297,897 common shares issued and outstanding. As of the Closing Date, the holders of our common shares collectively held 171,718,192 common shares, or 2.75% of our outstanding common shares. As of the Closing Date, the outstanding principal amount of the Secured Notes (including the interim financing secured notes in the aggregate principal amount of approximately$14.7 million originally due onJuly 13, 2025 ) together with interest accrued and fees thereon were forgiven in part and exchanged for (A) the Secured Lender Shares, (B) the June Secured Debentures (as defined below) in the aggregate principal amount of$99.7 million and (C) the June Unsecured Debentures (as defined below) in the aggregate principal amount of$5.0 million . In addition, as of the Closing Date, the outstanding principal amount of the Unsecured Debentures together with interest accrued and fees thereon were forgiven in part and exchanged for (A) the Unsecured Lender Shares and (B) the June Unsecured Debentures in the aggregate principal amount of$15.0 million . Furthermore, all existing options and warrants to purchase our common shares, including certain debenture warrants and exchange warrants previously issued to the Secured Lenders, the warrants previously issued in connection with the Unsecured Debentures and all other Affected Equity (as defined in the Plan of Arrangement), were cancelled and extinguished for no consideration.
Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement
In connection with the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction, we entered into a Third Amended and Restated Secured Debenture Purchase Agreement (the "Secured DPA"), dated as ofJune 24, 2022 , with ICM, the other Credit Parties (as defined in the Secured DPA), the Collateral Agent, and the lenders party thereto (the "New Secured Lenders") pursuant to which ICM issued the New Secured Lenders 8.0% secured debentures (the "June Secured Debentures") in the aggregate principal amount of$99.7 million pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement. The June Secured Debentures accrue interest at a rate of 8.0% per annum (increasing to 11.0% upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Secured DPA)), are due onJune 24, 2027 , and may be prepaid on a pro rata basis from and after the third anniversary of the Closing Date upon prior written notice to the New Secured Lenders without premium or penalty. Upon receipt of a Change of Control Notice (as defined in the Secured DPA), each New Secured Lender may provide notice to ICM to either (i) purchase the June Secured Debenture at a price equal to 103.0% of the then outstanding principal amount together with interest accrued thereon (the "Offer Price") or (ii) if the Change of Control Transaction (as defined in Secured DPA) results in a new issuer, or if the New Secured Lender desires that the June Secured Debenture remain unpaid and continue in effect after the closing of the Change of Control Transaction, convert or exchange the June Secured Debenture into a replacement debenture of the new issuer or ICM, as applicable, in the aggregate principal amount of the Offer Price on substantially equivalent terms to those terms contained in the June Secured Debenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if 90.0% or more of the principal amount of all June Secured Debentures outstanding have been tendered for redemption on the date of the Change of Control Notice, ICM may, at its sole discretion, redeem all of the outstanding June Secured Debentures at the Offer Price. As security for the Obligations (as defined in the Secured DPA), ICM and the Company granted to the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of the New Secured Lenders, a security interest over all of their present and after acquired personal property. Pursuant to the Secured DPA, so long asGotham Green Partners, LLC or any of its Affiliates (as defined in the Secured DPA) hold at least 50.0% of the outstanding principal amount of June Secured Debentures, the Collateral Agent will have the right to appoint two non-voting observers to our Board of Directors (the "Board of Directors" or "Board"), each of which shall receive up to a maximum amount of$25,000 in any 12-month period for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses. In addition, pursuant to the Secured DPA, the New Secured Lenders purchased an additional$25.0 million of Secured Debentures (the "Additional Secured Debentures").
Unsecured Debenture Purchase Agreement
In connection with the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction, we, as guarantor of the Guaranteed Obligations (as defined in the Unsecured DPA (as defined herein)), entered into an Unsecured Debenture Purchase Agreement (the "Unsecured DPA") dated as ofJune 24, 2022 with ICM, the Secured Lenders and the Consenting Unsecured Lenders pursuant to which ICM issued 8.0% unsecured debentures (the "June Unsecured Debentures") in the aggregate principal amount of$20.0 million pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement, including$5.0 million to the Secured Lenders and$15.0 million to the Unsecured Lenders. 38
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The June Unsecured Debentures accrue interest at a rate of 8.0% per annum (increasing to 11.0% upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Unsecured DPA)), are due onJune 24, 2027 , and may be prepaid on a pro rata basis from and after the third anniversary of the Closing Date upon prior written notice to the Unsecured Lender without premium or penalty. Upon receipt of a Change of Control Notice (as defined in the Unsecured DPA), each Unsecured Lender may provide notice to ICM to either (i) purchase the June Unsecured Debenture at a price equal to 103.0% of the then outstanding principal amount together with interest accrued thereon (the "UnsecuredOffer Price ") or (ii) if the Change of Control Transaction (as defined in Unsecured DPA) results in a new issuer, or if the Unsecured Lender desires that the June Unsecured Debenture remain unpaid and continue in effect after the closing of the Change of Control Transaction, convert or exchange the June Unsecured Debenture into a replacement debenture of the new issuer or ICM, as applicable, in the aggregate principal amount of the UnsecuredOffer Price on substantially equivalent terms to those terms contained in the June Unsecured Debenture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if 90.0% or more of the principal amount of all June Unsecured Debentures outstanding have been tendered for redemption on the date of the Change of Control Notice, ICM may, at its sole discretion, redeem all of the outstanding June Unsecured Debentures at the UnsecuredOffer Price . Pursuant to the Unsecured DPA, the Obligations (as defined in the Unsecured DPA) are subordinated in right of payment to the Senior Indebtedness (as defined in the Unsecured DPA). Pursuant to the Recapitalization Transaction, the Secured Lenders, the Unsecured Lenders and the existing holders of our common shares at the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction (the "Existing Shareholders") were allocated and issued the June Secured Debentures, the June Unsecured Debentures and percentage of our pro forma common shares, as presented in the following table: June Secured June Unsecured Pro Forma (in '000s of U.S. dollars) Debentures1 Interim Financing2 Debentures3 Common Equity4 Secured Lenders$ 85,000 $ 14,737 $ 5,000 48.625 % Unsecured Lenders - - 15,000 48.625 % Existing Shareholders - - - 2.75 % Total$ 85,000 $ 14,737$ 20,000 100 %
(1) The Secured Notes and Interim Financing (as defined below) were extinguished
as of the Closing Date and, in exchange, ICM issued the June Secured
Debentures, which may be prepaid on a pro rata basis from and after the third
anniversary of the Closing Date upon prior written notice to the New Secured
Lenders without premium or penalty.
(2) Certain of the Secured Lenders provided
(the "Interim Financing") to ICM pursuant to the Restructuring Support
Agreement.
(3) The Unsecured Debentures were extinguished as of the Closing Date, and in
exchange, ICM issued the June Unsecured Debentures, which may be prepaid on a
pro rata basis from and after the third anniversary of the Closing Date upon
prior written notice to the Unsecured Lenders without premium or penalty. The
June Unsecured Debentures are subordinate to the June Secured Debentures, but
are senior to the Company's common shares.
(4) On
Long-Term Incentive Program ("LTIP") recommended by our compensation
committee and, pursuant to which, on
our employees (including executive officers) an aggregate of 320,165,409
restricted stock units ("RSUs"), under our Amended and Restated Omnibus
Incentive Plan dated
employees. All of our existing warrants and options were cancelled, and our
common shares may be consolidated pursuant to a consolidation ratio which has
yet to be determined.
Consummation of the Recapitalization Transaction through the Plan of Arrangement was subject to certain conditions, including: approval of the Secured Lenders, Unsecured Lenders and existing holders of our common shares, warrants and options, which was obtained; approval of the Plan of Arrangement by the Court, which was obtained; and the receipt of all approvals by state-level regulators and the Canadian Securities Exchange (collectively, the "Requisite Approvals"). All Requisite Approvals required to consummate the Recapitalization Transaction were satisfied, conditioned, or waived by the Company, Secured Lenders and Consenting Unsecured Lenders, for purposes of closing the Recapitalization Transaction on the Closing Date. As ofSeptember 2022 , we have finalized all outstanding Requisite Approvals, including state regulatory approvals in the states ofNew Jersey andNew York .
Registration Rights Agreement
In connection with the consummation of the Recapitalization Transaction, we entered into a registration rights agreement (the "RRA"), datedJune 24, 2022 , with ICM and certain holders ofRegistrable Securities (as defined in the RRA) (the "Holders") pursuant to which we shall, upon receipt of written notice (the "Shelf Request") from Holders of at least 15.0% of our outstanding common shares (the "Substantial Holders"), prepare and file (i) with the applicable Canadian Securities Regulators (as defined in the RRA), a Shelf Prospectus (as defined in the RRA) to facilitate a secondary offering of all of theRegistrable Securities or (ii) with theSecurities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), a registration statement on Form S-3 (the "S-3 Registration Statement") covering the resale of allRegistrable Securities . In addition, pursuant to the RRA and subject to certain exceptions, the Substantial Holders may request (the "Demand Registration Request") that we file a Prospectus (as defined in the RRA) (other than a Shelf Prospectus) or a registration statement on any form that we are then eligible to use (the "Registration Statement") to facilitate a Distribution (as defined in the RRA) inCanada orthe United States of all or any portion of theRegistrable Securities (the "Demand Registration") held by the Holders requesting the Demand Registration. Moreover, pursuant to the RRA and subject to certain exceptions, if, at any time, we propose to make a Distribution for our own account, we shall notify the Holders of such Distribution (the "Piggyback Registration") and shall use reasonable commercial efforts to include in the Piggyback Registration suchRegistrable Securities requested by the Holders be included in such Piggyback Registration. 39
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Investor Rights Agreement
Furthermore, in connection with the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction, we entered into an Investor Rights Agreement ("IRA"), datedJune 24, 2022 , with ICM and certain investors (the "Investors"). Pursuant to the IRA, among other things, the Investors are entitled to designate nominees for election or appointment to our Board as follows:
• one investor (the "First Investor") shall be entitled to designate
director nominees as follows: i. For so long as the First Investor's Debt Exchange Common Share Percentage (as defined in the IRA) is at least 30.0%, the First Investor shall be entitled to designate up to three
individuals as
director nominees; ii. For so long as the First Investor's Debt Exchange Common Share Percentage is less than 30.0% but is at least 15.0%, the First Investor shall be entitled to designate up to two individuals as director nominees; and iii. For so long as the First Investor's Debt Exchange Common Share Percentage is less than 15.0% but is at least 5.0%, the First Investor shall be entitled to designate up to one individual as a director nominee.
The initial nominees of the First Investor were
• a second Investor (the "Second Investor") shall be entitled to designate
up to one individual as a director nominee for so long as such Investor's
Debt Exchange Common Share Percentage is at least 5.0%.
• a third Investor (the "Third Investor") shall be entitled to designate up
to one individual as a director nominee for so long as such Investor's
Debt Exchange Common Share Percentage is at least 5.0%.
• a fourth Investor (the "Fourth Investor") shall be entitled to designate
up to one individual as a director nominee for so long as such Investor's
Debt Exchange Common Share Percentage is at least 5.0%.
The Second Investor, Third Investor and Fourth Investor nominatedAlexander Shoghi ,Zachary Arrick and Marco D'Attanasio, respectively, as members of the Board. Mr. D'Attanasio resigned from the Board effective as ofSeptember 15, 2022 . Pursuant to the IRA, the Fourth Investor is entitled to nominate a replacement.
Acquisitions
InJanuary 2018 , we, through our wholly - owned subsidiary,CGX Life Sciences, Inc. ("CGX"), entered into separate option agreements, as amended, with (i) all of the shareholders (the "BuddingRose Sellers ") ofBudding Rose, Inc. ("Budding Rose"); (ii) all of the shareholders (the "Rosebud Sellers") ofRosebud Organics, Inc. ("Rosebud") and (iii)Elizabeth Stavola (the "GMMD Seller" and together with the BuddingRose Sellers and Rosebud Sellers, the "Sellers"), our former officer and director and the sole member ofGreenMart of Maryland, LLC ("GMMD"), pursuant to which, CGX was granted and exercised its options to acquire 100% ownership of Budding Rose, Rosebud and GMMD onSeptember 16, 2021 ,April 1, 2021 andNovember 5, 2021 , respectively, all subject to regulatory approval by theMaryland Medical Cannabis Commission (the "MMCC"). OnJuly 28, 2022 , the MMCC approved CGX's request to acquire 100% ownership of Budding Rose, Rosebud and GMMD. OnAugust 9, 2022 , CGX closed on its acquisition of GMMD, and onAugust 18, 2022 , CGX closed on its acquisitions of Rosebud and Budding Rose. Recent Developments Issuance of Common Shares
On
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Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months EndedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 Revenues and Gross Profit Nine Three Months Ended September 30, Months Ended September 30, (in '000s of U.S. dollars) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Revenues Eastern Region$ 23,770 $ 31,518 $ 74,315 $ 99,298 Western Region 15,331 17,361 50,476 54,767 Other 270 384 851 1,231 Total revenues$ 39,371 $ 49,263 $ 125,642 $ 155,296 Cost and expenses applicable to revenues Eastern Region$ (12,557 ) $ (12,058 ) $ (32,766 ) $ (34,273 ) Western Region (10,454 ) (11,130 ) (33,975 ) (32,953 ) Other (179 ) (18 ) (560 ) (981 )
Total cost and expenses applicable to revenues
(23,206 )$ (67,301 ) $ (68,207 ) Gross profit Eastern Region$ 11,213 $ 19,460 $ 41,549 $ 65,025 Western Region 4,877 6,231 16,501 21,814 Other 91 366 291 250 Total gross profit$ 16,181 $ 26,057 $ 58,341 $ 87,089 The eastern region includes our operations inFlorida ,Maryland ,Massachusetts ,New York ,New Jersey andVermont . The western region includes our operations inArizona andNevada as well as our assets and investments inColorado .
Expenses
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in '000s of U.S. dollars) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Total operating expenses$ 29,905 $ 30,841 $ 126,868 $ 92,538 Total other expenses 3,946 6,962 322,541 25,829 Income tax expense 4,325 4,090 14,591 19,265
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Details
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (in '000s of U.S. dollars) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Salaries and employee benefits $ 9,094 $
9,592 $ 28,334
352 - 12,242 - Share-based compensation 4,657 1,613 27,493 4,908 Legal and other professional fees 2,096 4,387 7,464 13,223 Deferred professional fees related to the Recapitalization Transaction - - 7,091 - Facility, insurance and technology costs 3,943 3,929 11,908 11,902 Marketing expenses 1,129 1,218 3,637 3,389 Travel and pursuit costs 197 180 666 444 Amortization on right-of-use assets 540 530 1,748 1,567 Other general corporate expenditures 1,212 1,662 4,173 4,454 Total$ 23,220 $ 23,111 $ 104,756 $ 68,830 41
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Total operating expenses
Total operating expenses other than those included in costs and expenses applicable to revenues consist of selling, general, and administrative expenses which are necessary to conduct our ordinary business operations. In addition, total operating expenses consist of marketing, technology, and other growth initiatives related expenses such as opening new dispensaries and building-out our facilities, as well as depreciation and amortization charges taken on our fixed and intangible assets, and any write-downs or impairment on our assets. We have taken the necessary measures to control our discretionary spending and employ capital as efficiently as possible. After normalizing for one-time items, we expect total operating expenses to remain consistent over the remainder of 2022 as we continue to employ a disciplined capital allocation approach and continue to closely monitor operating expenditures and discretionary spending.
Total other income and expenses
Total other income and expenses include income and expenses that are not included in the ordinary day-to-day activities of our business. This includes the impact of any debt extinguishments, interest and accretion expenses on our financing arrangements, fair value gains or losses on our financial instruments, and income earned from arrangements that are not from our ordinary revenue streams of retail, wholesale, or the delivery of cannabis products.
Income tax expense
As a company operating in the federally illegal cannabis industry, we are subject to the limitations of Internal Revenue Code Section 280E ("Section 280E") under which taxpayers are only allowed to deduct expenses directly related to sales of product and no other ordinary business expenses. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate and varies from year to year primarily as a result of numerous permanent differences, the provision for income taxes at different rates in foreign and domestic jurisdictions, including changes in enacted statutory tax rate increases or reductions in the year, changes in our valuation allowance based on our recoverability assessments of deferred tax assets and favorable or unfavorable resolution of various tax examinations.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended
Eastern region
For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , our sales revenues in the eastern region were$23.8 million as compared to$31.5 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , which represents a decrease of 24.6%. The main drivers for the decrease in revenues are lower retail revenues inFlorida and both lower retail and wholesale revenues inMaryland andMassachusetts from increased competition and price compression in these markets. This was offset by an increase in retail revenues inNew York attributable to the sale of whole flower which was approved for sale in the state ofNew York inOctober 2021 and retail revenues from our new dispensary inNew Jersey , which opened onMay 5, 2022 . For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , gross profit was$11.2 million , or 47.2% of sales revenues, as compared to a gross profit of$19.5 million , or 61.7% of sales revenues, for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Gross margins decreased due to lower selling prices in retail dispensaries inFlorida ,Maryland andMassachusetts as well as lower wholesale prices inMaryland andMassachusetts while production costs and sales discounts continued to increase as a result of nationwide inflation and increased competition in these markets. During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , approximately 10,440 pounds of plant material was harvested in the eastern region as compared to approximately 9,740 pounds harvested during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The increase in harvested of plant material was due to an increase in harvests inMassachusetts andNew Jersey from the ramp up of ourFall River andPleasantville facilities during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 .
Western region
For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , our sales revenues in the western region were$15.3 million as compared to$17.4 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , which represents a decrease of 11.7%. The decrease in revenues in the western region is attributable to lower wholesale revenues inArizona andNevada and a decrease in retail revenues inArizona during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This was partially offset by new retail revenues from our newLas Vegas, Nevada dispensary which opened inSeptember 2022 . For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , gross profit was$4.9 million , or 31.8% of sales revenues, as compared to a gross profit of$6.2 million , or 35.9% of sales revenues, for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Gross margins decreased due to higher sales discounts offered inArizona and higher cultivation costs incurred inNevada during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . 42
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During the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , approximately 1,590 pounds of plant material was harvested in the western region as compared to approximately 2,060 pounds harvested during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The decrease in harvested plant material is attributable to lower cultivation yields inNevada during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 .
Other revenues
For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , other revenues were$0.3 million as compared to$0.4 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This decrease is due to lower sales from our CBD business.
Total operating expenses
For the three months ended
The decrease in total operating expenses between the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 is due to one-time recoveries during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 of$1.1 million from the sale of ourFall River property and the early termination of an office lease. Further, we incurred no impairment losses during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to impairment losses of$0.1 million from the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This was partially offset by an increase in our depreciation and amortization expenses of$0.2 million and an increase in our selling, general and administrative expenses of$0.1 million as compared to the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 .
Total other income and expenses
For the three months ended
The decrease in total other expenses between the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 is primarily a result of the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction onJune 24, 2022 that extinguished a portion of our total outstanding debt and reduced the interest rates on the June Secured Debentures, June Unsecured Debentures and the Senior Secured Bridge Notes. This resulted in lower interest expense of$3.5 million during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to$6.0 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Further, we did not incur any interest on the Exit Fee during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as the Exit Fee was cancelled as part of the Recapitalization Transaction, as compared to$0.4 million during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Other income increased by$0.3 million during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , as we are now earning rental income from our sublease arrangements. Total other expenses increased by an increase in accretion expense of$0.3 million as we are now accruing accretion on the June Secured Debentures and June Unsecured Debentures as compared to no accretion expense on the$40.0 million secured notes we issued onMay 14, 2018 (the "Tranche One Secured Notes"), the$20.0 million of secured notes we issued onSeptember 30, 2019 (the "Tranche Two Secured Notes") and the$36.2 million of secured notes we issued onDecember 20, 2019 (the "Tranche Three Secured Notes") which were fully accreted as ofMay 2021 . Income tax expense For the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , our income tax expense was$4.3 million as compared to$4.1 million for the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , which represents an increase of 5.7%. The increase in income tax expense is a result of our higher taxable income during the three months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to the three months endedSeptember 30, 2021 .
Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended
Eastern region
For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , our sales revenues in the eastern region were$74.3 million as compared to$99.3 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , which represents a decrease of 25.2%. The main drivers for the decrease in revenues are lower retail revenues inFlorida and both lower retail and wholesale revenues inMaryland ,Massachusetts andVermont from increased competition and price compression in these markets. This was offset by an increase in retail revenues inNew York attributable to the sale of whole flower which was approved for sale in the state ofNew York inOctober 2021 and from retail revenues earned from our new dispensary inNew Jersey , which opened onMay 5, 2022 . 43
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For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , gross profit was$41.5 million , or 55.9% of sales revenues, as compared to a gross profit of$65.0 million , or 65.5% of sales revenues, for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Gross profit decreased due to lower selling prices inFlorida ,Maryland andMassachusetts as well as lower wholesale prices inMaryland andMassachusetts while production costs and sales discounts continued to increase as a result of nationwide inflation and increased competition in these markets. During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , approximately 30,360 pounds of plant material was harvested in the eastern region as compared to approximately 33,240 pounds harvested during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The decrease in harvested plant material was due to lower yields inFlorida due to poor weather conditions, partially offset by an increase in harvests inMassachusetts andNew Jersey from the ramp up of ourFall River andPleasantville facilities during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 .
Western region
For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , our sales revenues in the western region were$50.5 million as compared to$54.8 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , which represents a decrease of 7.8%. The decrease in revenue in the western region is attributable to lower wholesale revenues inNevada and a decrease in retail revenues inArizona during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , gross profit was$16.5 million , or 32.7% of sales revenues, as compared to a gross profit of$21.8 million , or 39.8% of sales revenues, for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Gross margins decreased due to higher sales discounts offered inArizona and from higher cultivation costs incurred inNevada during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , approximately 5,260 pounds of plant material was harvested in the western region as compared to approximately 5,160 pounds harvested during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Cultivation yields in bothArizona andNevada have remained relatively consistent during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 .
Other revenues
For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , other revenues were$0.9 million as compared to$1.2 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This decrease is due to lower sales from our CBD business.
Total operating expenses
For the nine months ended
The increase in total operating expenses between the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 resulted from an increase of$35.9 million in our selling, general, and administrative expenses which is attributable to:$12.2 million increase in severance expenses, including a$12.0 million payment to our former Interim Chief Executive Officer; a$22.6 million increase in share-based compensation from the grant of restricted stock units to employees and directors and the concurrent cancellation of existing stock options; and an increase in deferred professional fees of$7.1 million from the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction onJune 24, 2022 . Total selling, general and administrative expenses were partially offset by a decrease in legal and other fees by$5.8 million and a decrease from salaries and other general corporate expenditures of$0.2 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Further, there was an increase in our depreciation and amortization expenses of$1.3 million as our depreciable fixed asset base increased from$136.7 million as ofSeptember 30, 2021 to$143.8 million as ofSeptember 30, 2022 . The increase in operating expenses was offset by a decrease of impairment losses of$1.8 million year-over-year as there were no impairment charges during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . In addition, one-time recoveries of$1.1 million from the sale of ourFall River property and the early termination of an office lease during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , further offset the increase in operating expenses. For the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , excise taxes were$0.4 million as compared to$0.8 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Excise taxes are included as part of the selling, general, and administrative expenses on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. 44
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Total other income and expenses
For the nine months ended
The increase in total other income and expenses between the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021 is primarily due to a one-time$316.6 million loss on debt extinguishment related to the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction. This increase in total other expenses was offset by a decrease in accretion expense of$5.7 million as our Tranche One Secured Notes, Tranche Two Secured Notes and Tranche Three Secured Notes were fully accreted as ofMay 2021 resulting in no accretion expense on these instruments during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to five months of accretion expense for these instruments taken during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . This was partially offset by accretion expense on the June Secured Debentures and June Unsecured Debentures since the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction onJune 24, 2022 . The closing of the Recapitalization Transaction also extinguished a portion of our total debt outstanding and reduced the interest rates on the June Secured Debentures, June Unsecured Debentures and the Senior Secured Bridge Notes. This resulted in a lower interest expense of$2.4 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Furthermore, other income increased by$11.9 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 compared to the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 primarily from a fair value gain net of tax of$10.5 million from the noncash consideration provided as part of the acquisition ofMPX New Jersey LLC ("MPX NJ") and from sublease income earned from our sublease arrangements.
Income tax expense
For the nine months ended
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , we held unrestricted cash of$22.7 million (December 31 , 2021-$13.2 million) and had an accumulated deficit of$1,207.3 million (December 31 , 2021-$801.6 million) and a working capital deficit of$44.9 million (December 31 , 2021-$231.7 million). In assessing our liquidity, we monitor our cash on-hand and our operating expenditures required to execute our day-to-day operations and our long-term strategic plans. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through equity and debt financings and our cash flows from operations and we anticipate that we will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations in the future. We expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of additional financings and cash flows from our operations. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds when needed and on favorable terms, or at all, which may have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to curtail or cease our operations. Furthermore, the terms of certain of our debt instruments impose certain restrictions on our operating and financing activities, including, but not limited to, our ability to incur certain additional indebtedness and our ability to issue shares or convertible securities. Even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans, we may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions and/or as a result of strategic initiatives.
Going Concern
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that we will continue to operate as a going concern, and which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to raise additional capital, our ability to achieve sustainable revenues and profitable operations, and our ability to obtain the necessary capital to meet our obligations and repay our liabilities when they become due. We believe that the consummation of the Recapitalization Transaction will provide the necessary funding for us to continue funding our operations in the future. Further, the consummation of the Recapitalization Transaction resulted in lower interest rates on the June Secured Debentures, June Unsecured Debentures and the$11.0 million senior secured bridge notes issued by iAnthusNew Jersey, LLC , and allows interest to be paid-in-kind. As a result of the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction, we are now able to seek additional debt and/or equity financings as necessary. As such, we believe we may be able to continue as a going concern for a period of no less than 12 months from the date of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern. 45
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While we believe that we have funding necessary for us to continue as a going concern, we may need to raise additional capital and there can be no assurance that such capital will be available to us on favorable terms, if at all. As such, these material circumstances cast substantial doubt on our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of no less than 12 months from the date of this report, and our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we currently plan due to incorrect assumptions or due to a decision to expand our activities beyond those currently planned.
Cash Flow for the Nine Months Ended
Operating Activities
Our net cash flows from operating activities are affected by several factors, including revenues generated by operations, increases or decreases in our operating expenses, including expenses related to new capital projects and development and expansion of newly acquired businesses and the level of cash collections from our customers. Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was$14.1 million as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of$19.8 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The reduction in our net cash provided from operating activities was due to our net loss of$405.7 million , partially offset by$316.6 million from loss on debt extinguishment from the consummation of the Recapitalization Transaction,$27.5 million in share-based compensation as a result of the issuance of restricted stock units and concurrent cancellation of all existing stock options,$24.8 million of depreciation and amortization expense,$15.1 million in interest expense, a$10.5 million gain from nonmonetary consideration from the MPX NJ acquisition,$2.6 million of accretion expense, and$15.2 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities items during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Changes in other operating assets for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 include an increase in inventory of$0.7 million due to lower sales during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , as compared to the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 , and an increase of$1.0 million related to the recognition of right-of-use assets during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Changes in other operating liabilities for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 include an increase in accrued and other current liabilities of$18.7 million due to accrued income taxes for the period, interest and recapitalization fees due upon closing of the Recapitalization Transaction onJune 24, 2022 , and a decrease in accounts payable of$2.3 million . As we continue to expand our operations and as these operations become more established, we continue to expect our business to become cash generative and we intend to place less reliance on financing from other sources to fund our operations. We have negative cash flows from operations in 2022 and therefore no assurance can be given that we will have positive cash flows in the future. 46
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Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , was$3.6 million as compared to$18.0 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . The decrease in cash used in investing activities was primarily attributable to lower cultivation and dispensary construction expenditures of$5.8 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 as compared to$16.5 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . In addition, during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we loaned$0.1 million to MPX NJ as compared to$1.0 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Cash flow provided from investing activities during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 included$2.4 million which was a result from the sale of certain property, plant and equipment compared to $Nil, during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . Financing Activities Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 was$23.9 million as compared to$10.3 million for the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 . During the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we received proceeds from the issuance of the Additional Secured Notes of$24.3 million which was partially offset by approximately$0.3 million on repayment of debt. This compares to the issuance of theSenior Secured Bridge Notes in the principal amount of$11.0 million , offset by related debt issuance costs of$0.7 million and repayment of certain debt of less than$0.1 million during the nine months endedSeptember 30, 2021 .
Related Party Transactions
As part of the acquisition ofMPX Bioceutical Corporation onFebruary 5, 2019 , we acquired a related party receivable of$0.7 million due from a company owned by a former director and officer,Elizabeth Stavola . The related party receivable was converted into a loan facility of up to$10.0 million , which accrued interest at the rate of 16.0%, compounded annually. Interest was due upon maturity of the loan onDecember 31, 2021 . During the year endedDecember 31, 2021 , we exercised our right to convert the principal balance of the loan and accrued interest into a 99% equity interest in MPX NJ and exercised our option to acquire the remaining 1% of MPX NJ, which was approved by theNew Jersey Cannabis Regulatory Commission onJanuary 7, 2022 . We recorded acquisition costs of $Nil and$0.3 million within selling, general and administrative expenses on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , the balance of such facility was $Nil (December 31, 2021 -$4.6 million ), which includes accrued interest of $Nil (December 31 , 2021-$0.9 million). The related party balances are presented in other long-term assets on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. Upon the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction, certain of the Company's lenders held greater than 10% of the voting interests in the Company and therefore are classified as related parties. For further discussion, refer to Note 5 of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item I of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter endedSeptember 30, 2022 . Effective as ofMay 6, 2022 (the "Resignation Date"),Randy Maslow , our Interim Chief Executive Officer and President and a member of the Board of Directors, resigned from his executive positions, including all positions with our subsidiaries and its affiliates, and from our Board of Directors and committees. In connection with the resignation, we executed a separation agreement (the "Separation Agreement") withMr. Maslow , pursuant to whichMr. Maslow will receive certain compensation and benefits valued to substantially equal the value of entitlements he would have received under Section 4(g) of his employment agreement. Specifically,Mr. Maslow will receive total cash compensation in the amount of approximately$12.2 million (the "Separation Payment"), of which$5.1 million was paid out onMay 6, 2022 (made up, in part of a portion of severance payment of approximately$4.8 million , and unpaid 2021 bonus of$300,000 ). The remainder of the Separation Payment was to be paid out in equal installments of approximately$0.9 million per month over the next eight months following the Resignation Date, which became accelerated upon the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction. The total outstanding balance of the Separation Payment owed toMr. Maslow was paid in full as ofJuly 15, 2022 . Under the terms of the Separation Agreement, we will continue to pay the monthly premium forMr. Maslow's continued participation in our health and dental insurance benefits pursuant to COBRA for one year from the Resignation Date.Mr. Maslow's compensation and benefits under the Separation Agreement also included the extension of exercise period of options to acquire our common shares, until the earlier of (i) five years from the Resignation Date; (ii) the original expiration dates of the applicable option; or (iii) the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction. In accordance with the terms of the Separation Agreement,Mr. Maslow's options to acquire our common shares expired as of the Closing Date of the Recapitalization Transaction.Mr. Maslow will continue to serve in a consulting role for a period of six months following the Resignation Date (provided that we may extend such period by an additional six months) at a base compensation of$25,000 per month. During the three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2022 , we paid less than$0.1 million and$0.1 million , respectively, toMr. Maslow in relation to consulting services provided (September 30 , 2021-$Nil and $Nil, respectively). 47
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Pursuant to the Secured DPA, we have a related party payable of$6.3 million due to certain of the New Secured Lenders, includingGotham Green Fund 1, L.P.,Gotham Green Fund 1 (Q), L.P. ,Gotham Green Fund II, L.P. ,Gotham Green Fund II (Q), L.P. ,Oasis Investment Master II Fund LTD. ,Senvest Global (KY), LP , andSenvest Master Fund, LP , for certain out-of-pocket costs, charges, fees, taxes and other expenses incurred by the New Secured Lenders in connection with the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction (the "Deferred Professional Fees"). These New Secured Lenders held greater than 10% of our outstanding common shares upon the closing of the Recapitalization Transaction and are therefore considered to be related parties. We have untilDecember 31, 2022 to pay the Deferred Professional Fees ratably based on the amount of each New Secured Lender's Deferred Professional Fees. The Deferred Professional Fees shall accrue simple interest at the rate of 12.0% from the Closing Date untilDecember 31, 2022 . Beginning with the first business day of the month followingDecember 31, 2022 , interest shall accrue on the Deferred Professional Fees at the rate of 20.0% calculated on a daily basis and is payable on the first business day of every month until the Deferred Professional Fees and accrued interest thereon is paid in full. As ofSeptember 30, 2022 , the outstanding related party portion of the Deferred Professional Fees including accrued interest was$6.5 million (December 31, 2021 - $Nil). The related party balance is presented in accrued and other current liabilities on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Critical Accounting Policies and Accounting Estimates
The preparation of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States of America and our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and operating results require our management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. Our significant accounting policies and estimates are described in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2021 filed with theSEC onMarch 18, 2022 which describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We believe the following critical accounting policies govern the more significant judgments, estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements are described below. Other than those noted below, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as from the date upon which we filed our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2021 with theSEC . Business Combinations In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 805 Business Combinations ("ASC 805"), we allocate the fair value of the purchase consideration to the tangible and intangible asset purchased and the liabilities assumed on the basis of their fair values at the date of acquisition. The determination of fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires estimates and the use of valuation techniques when a market value is not readily available. Any excess of purchase price over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. If we obtain new information about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record an adjustment to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Classification of an acquisition as a business combination or an asset acquisition depends on whether the assets acquired constitute a business, which can be a complex judgment. Whether an acquisition is classified as a business combination or asset acquisition can have a significant impact on the accounting considerations on and after acquisition.
Debt Modifications and Extinguishments
In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 470-50 Debt Modifications and Extinguishments ("ASC 470-50"), we determine the fair value of any debt modified or extinguished on the closing date of the modification as well as the fair value of what was received in exchange of any debt modification or extinguishment. The determination of these fair values requires estimates and the use of valuation techniques when a market value is not readily available. Any difference between the exchange resulting from a debt modification or extinguishment may result in a gain or loss on debt extinguishment within our unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. JOBS Act OnApril 5, 2012 , the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 ("JOBS Act") was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an "emerging growth company" can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an "emerging growth company" can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. 48
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We have chosen to take advantage of the extended transition periods available to emerging growth companies under the JOBS Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies provided under the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with public company effective dates for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, as an "emerging growth company," we intend to rely on certain of these exemptions, including, without limitation, (i) providing an auditor's attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and (ii) complying with any requirement that may be adopted by thePublic Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor's report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements, known as the auditor discussion and analysis. We will remain an "emerging growth company" until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of$1.07 billion or more; (ii) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of our initial public offering; (iii) the date on which we have issued more than$1 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of theSEC .
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