Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following management's discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto contained at the end of this Annual Report. Some of the statements contained in the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations refer to future expectations or include other "forward-looking" information. Those statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those contemplated, including, but not limited to, those discussed in Part I, Item 1A of this report under the heading "Risk Factors," which are incorporated herein by reference. See "Special Note regarding Forward-Looking Statements" included in this Annual Report for a discussion of factors to be considered when evaluating forward-looking information detailed below. These factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. 60 Impact of COVID-19 In early January of 2020, a novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") outbreak took place inWuhan, China . Subsequently, it has spread rapidly toAsia and other parts of the world. The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in widespread economic disruptions inChina , as well as stringent government measures by the Chinese government to contain its transmissions including quarantines, travel restrictions, and temporary closures of non-essential businesses inChina and elsewhere. At the end of 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak inChina appears to be generally under control and business activities have recovered on the whole. The outbreak became more stabilized inChina and other regions in the world. However, sporadic cases continue to be found during the first half year of 2021 inChina . In the second quarter of 2021, a new Delta variant of COVID-19 had been found in certain cities inChina , which cause another outbreak, thus increasing risks and possible further disruption to businesses. Therefore, certain of our consulting services were suspended fromApril 2021 toAugust 2021 . We have resumed these consulting businesses fromAugust 2021 in order to maintain diversified services for our customers.
As ofDecember 31, 2022 , the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be dynamic, and near-term challenges across the economy remain. Although vaccines are now being distributed and administered across many parts of the world, new variants of the virus have emerged and may continue to emerge that have shown to be more contagious. We continue to adhere to applicable governmental and commercial restrictions and to work to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on our employees, customers, communities, liquidity and financial position. The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak may impact the company's business, operations and financial results from this point forward will depend on numerous evolving factors that the company cannot accurately predict. Those factors include the following: the duration and scope of the pandemic; governmental, business and individuals' actions in response to the pandemic in the future; and any other further development of the COVID-19 outbreak. Substantially all of our revenues and operations are concentrated inChina . Consequently, our results of operations and financial performances have been affected since 2020 and into 2022. Due to the government measures taken to contain COVID-19, the offline activities of our PRC subsidiary were restricted from late January toMay 2020 , resulting in cancellations or postponements of the marketing efforts of our customers. In addition, due to widespread economic disruptions during the outbreak, demand for our consulting services by small and medium-sized enterprises were also adversely affected. Specifically, as a result of government mandated closures of non-essential business inChina , many of our customers' business were suspended while others permanently closed their businesses, which has had an adverse impact on our business and financial condition and has hampered our ability to generate revenue and access usual sources of liquidity on reasonable terms.
We achieved an operating revenue of
Overview Prior to the Transaction onMay 15, 2019 , we were inactive from 2007 to 2019, and did not have any active business activities. In May of 2019, the new major shareholders rejuvenated marketing consultancy services and e-commerce business inChina to the Company and its subsidiaries. EUBG is a holding company for its operating subsidiaries. Our PRC subsidiary's operations inChina are the primary operations of the Company. While substantially all of our operations are located inChina , we currently do not, and we do not plan to use variable interest entities to execute our business plan or to conduct ourChina -based operations. However, because our operations are inChina and our major shareholders are located inChina , there is always a risk that the Chinese government may in the future seek to affect operations of any company with any level of operations inChina , including its ability to offer securities to investors, list its securities on aU.S. or other foreign exchange, conduct its business or accept foreign investment. If any or all of the foregoing were to occur, it could, in turn, result in a material change in the Company's operations and/or the value of its common stock and/or significantly limit or completely hinder its ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. 61 OnMarch 22, 2022 , the PRC subsidiary learned thatBeijing Jade Bird Culture and Art Research Institute ("Jade Bird"), the KOL agency that the PRC subsidiary works with to coordinate digital training related service, suspended its service after receiving a notice from China National Personal Talent Training Network ("CNPTTN"), a PRC regulatory agency for the talent training, that until further notice CNPTTN has suspended all recruitment services using CNPTTN's name fromJanuary 30, 2022 . As a result of CNPTTN's suspension, the PRC subsidiary has also suspended its digital training related services with Jade Bird until further notice. Jade Bird is an authorized licensee of CNPTTN. For the years endedDecember 31, 2022 and 2021, the digital training related services with Jade Bird represented 7.5% and 20.9% of our total revenue, or$262,799 and$1,176,515 , respectively.
Comparison of Results of Operations of the Years ended
The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations for
the years ended
2022 2021 Revenue$ 3,507,590 $ 5,637,396 Cost of revenue (663,486 ) (1,827,082 ) Gross profit 2,844,104 3,810,314 Selling expenses (40,165 ) (253,958 ) General and administrative expenses (1,683,575 ) (1,668,432 ) Total other (expenses) income, net (14,311 ) 187,392 Income before income tax 1,106,053 2,075,316 Income tax expense (701,435 ) (988,916 ) Net income$ 404,618 $ 1,086,400 Revenue and cost of revenue
During the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , we generated revenue of$3,507,590 compared to$5,637,396 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 , representing a decrease of$2,129,806 or 37.8% as compared with the prior year. The decrease was mainly due to our consultancy services income, generated from clients who engaged in online courses business, dropped by$2,701,529 as compared with last year. This was because the end customers became more patience and cautious in choosing online courses. Besides, we suspended the digital training services with Jade Bird sinceMarch 22, 2022 , resulted a drop of revenue by$913,716 or 77.7% in 2022. We continued to seek different business opportunities to stabilize our income streams. In 2022, we started a new income stream, provides consultancy services to a customer who engaged in live streaming business, which contributed revenue of$1,252,854 during the year endedDecember 31, 2022 . However, this new income stream only compensated a part of the revenue reduction in current year.
Cost of revenue was$663,486 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 compared to$1,827,082 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 , representing a decrease of$1,163,596 or 63.7% as compared with last year. The decrease of cost of revenue is mainly due to 1) direct operation costs of the digital training related services dropped by$755,638 or 79% as compared with the prior year, which was generally aligned with the drop of digital training related services of 77.7%; 2) direct staff cost dropped by$407 , 958 or 46.6% as compared with the prior year because certain senior staff were reassigned to focus on business management. As a result of the above, the gross profit was$2,844,104 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 compared to$3,810,314 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 , representing a decreased of$966,210 or 25.4% as compared with the prior year. 62 Selling expenses During the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , we incurred$40,165 selling expenses compared to$253,958 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 , representing a decrease of$213,793 or 84.2% as compared with the prior year. The decrease of selling expenses was mainly due to the tightening of entertainment policies during the year and the staff costs incurred in selling activities were dropped by$134,696 or 88.9% for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 .
General and administrative expenses
During the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , we incurred$1,683,575 general and administrative expenses compared to$1,668,432 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 , representing a slight increase of$15,143 or 0.9% as compared with the prior year. Our general and administrative expenses consisted mainly of audit fees, professional fees, payroll expenses and consultancy fees.
Total other (expense) income, net
During the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , we incurred net other expenses of$14,311 compared to net other income$187,392 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The difference of$201,703 was mainly due to exchange loss of$175,810 resulting from the exchange rate appreciation of HKD against RMB for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 . Our net other (expenses) income mainly consisted of bank interest income, exchange rate differences and certain sundry incomes.
Income tax expense
During the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , we incurred income tax expense of$701,435 compared to$988,916 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 , representing a decrease of$287,481 or 29.1% as compared with the prior year. The income tax expenses were charged inChina andHong Kong .
For the year ended
Net income
As a result of the above, we generated a net income of
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Working Capital December 31, 2022 2021 Cash and cash equivalents$ 7,193,591 $ 7,649,129 Total current assets 7,501,638 7,772,994 Total assets 7,773,604 8,201,140 Total liabilities 889,404 1,439,526 Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) 47,215 (357,403 ) Total equity 6,884,200 6,761,614 63 Cash flow The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the years indicated: Years ended December 31, 2022 2021
Net cash (used in) generated from operating activities
(9,704 ) 3,289,189 Net cash used in financing activities (3,492 ) (7,566 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (303,448 ) 69,373 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 7,649,129 3,846,470 Cash and cash equivalents, end of year$ 7,193,591 $ 7,649,129
Cash (used in) generated from operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 was$138,894 , as compared to net cash generated from operating activities of$451,663 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 , representing a difference of$590,557 or 130.8% as compared with the prior year. The decrease of operating cash flows was mainly resulted from a combination of below operating activities changes: Net income was$404,618 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , as compared to$1,086,400 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The decrease of net income of$681,782 or 62.8% was mainly due to the reduction of certain performance-based arrangement consultancy services during the year which directly reduced our operating cash inflow. Deferred tax adjustment was$152,190 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , as compared to$293,366 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The difference was mainly due to our PRC subsidiary generated net profits of$1,670,194 and$1,931,000 respectively, for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 and 2021; while the PRC subsidiary only distributed dividends of$3,120,921 to ourHong Kong subsidiary in current year, representing a decrease of$1,475,615 as compared with prior year.
Cash outflow of trade receivables was$176,709 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , as compared to cash inflow of$137,165 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The cash outflow of$176,709 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 was due to longer settlement period used by our consultancy services customers. Cash outflow of trade payables was$109,414 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 as compared to cash inflow of$115,561 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The cash inflow of$115,561 from trade payable for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 was resulted from the digital training related services. However, as the digital training related services with Jade Bird was suspended sinceMarch 2022 and all the account payables were settled during the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , cash outflow of$109,414 was resulted for the year. Cash outflow of other payables and accrued liabilities was$19,555 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , as compared to cash outflow of$220,493 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The cash outflow for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 and 2021 were due to the settlement of the accrued audit fee, consultancy fee and professional fee during the years. Larger cash outflow was resulted in the year endedDecember 31, 2021 because the Company filed a registration document during the year and settled the service fees with the professional parties. Cash inflow of tax payables was$59,976 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , as compared to cash outflow of$563,979 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The cash inflow of$59,976 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 was mainly due to the business reduction during the year and we provided current income tax of$540,840 , netting off with$497,678 income tax paid during the year. The cash outflow of$563,979 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 was mainly due to the current income tax provision of$767,877 , netting off with$1,326,242 income tax paid during the prior year. Cash outflow of contract liabilities was$204,164 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 because the outstanding contract liabilities as atDecember 31, 2021 were all recognized as revenue during the year endedDecember 31, 2022 . No contract liabilities was recorded as atDecember 31, 2022 . 64 As we are continually to explore new business opportunities and new customers, we expect to generate more cash inflows in the coming years. We continue to monitor our level of operating expenses in order to maintain a positive cash flow position.
Cash (used in) generated from investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 was$9,704 as compared net cash of$3,289,189 generated from investing activities for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The net cash used in investing activities for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 was due to purchase of property, plant and equipment. OnSeptember 29, 2022 , the Company provided loans of$1,040,307 to two independent vendors of the Company's consultancy business. As the loans were fully repaid onOctober 18, 2022 , the net cash (used in) generated from investing activities was not impacted. The net cash generated from investing activities for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 was mainly due to the redemption of debt products of$5,889,695 offset by the acquisition of debt products of$2,789,855 .
Cash used in financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 was$3,492 , as compared to net cash of$7,566 used in financing activities for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The net cash used in financing activities for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 was mainly due to the repayment of borrowings of$128,656 offsetting against advance from a director of$121,090 . Future Capital Requirements We believe that our ability to generate cash from operations are adequate to fund working capital, capital spending and other cash needs for at least the next 12 months. Our ability to generate adequate cash from operations in the future, however, will depend on, among other things, our ability to successfully implement our business strategies while continuing to tightly control our expenses, and to manage the impact of changes to the PRC regulatory environment. We can give no assurance that we will be able to successfully implement those strategies and cost control initiatives, or successfully adjust to any changes to PRC laws and regulations impacting our business. In addition, changes in our operating plans, lower than anticipated sales, increased expenses, interest rate increases, acquisitions or other events may cause us to seek additional debt or equity financing in future periods. We can give no assurance that financing will be available on acceptable terms or at all. Additional equity financing could be dilutive to holders of the Company's common stock; debt financing, if available, could impose additional cash payment obligations and additional covenants and operating restrictions. Contractual Obligations
We had the following contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of
Less than Contractual Obligations Total 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years More than 5 years Lease 85,986 57,324 28,662 - - TOTAL$ 85,986 $ 57,324 $ 28,662 $ - $ -
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We regularly evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that we use to make budgetary and financial statement assumptions. A complete summary of these policies is included in the notes to our financial statements. In general, management's estimates are based on historical experience, on information from third party professionals, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the facts and circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates made by management. The discussion of our critical accounting policies contained in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," is incorporated herein by reference. 65
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For further information on recently issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 2-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements included herein at "Item 13, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of
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