The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements ofPBF Energy andPBF LLC included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 and the unaudited financial statements and related notes included in this report. The following discussion contains "forward-looking statements" that reflect our future plans, estimates, beliefs and expected performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those currently anticipated and expressed in such forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors. We caution that assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions or beliefs about future events may, and often do, vary from actual results and the differences can be material. Please see "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."PBF Energy is the sole managing member of, and owner of an equity interest representing approximately 99.2% of the outstanding economic interests inPBF LLC as ofMarch 31, 2022 .PBF LLC is a holding company for the companies that directly and indirectly own and operate our business.PBF Holding is a wholly-owned subsidiary ofPBF LLC and PBF Finance is a wholly-owned subsidiary ofPBF Holding . As ofMarch 31, 2022 ,PBF LLC also holds a 47.9% limited partner interest and a non-economic general partner interest in PBFX, a publicly-traded MLP. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms "we," "us," and "our" refer toPBF Energy and its consolidated subsidiaries, includingPBF LLC ,PBF Holding and its subsidiaries and PBFX and its subsidiaries. Discussions on areas that either apply only toPBF Energy orPBF LLC are clearly noted in such sections. 44 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Overview
We are one of the largest independent petroleum refiners and suppliers of unbranded transportation fuels, heating oil, petrochemical feedstocks, lubricants and other petroleum products inthe United States . We sell our products throughout the Northeast, Midwest,Gulf Coast andWest Coast ofthe United States , as well as in other regions ofthe United States ,Canada andMexico and are able to ship products to other international destinations. As ofMarch 31, 2022 , we own and operate six domestic oil refineries and related assets. Based on the current configuration our refineries have a combined processing capacity, known as throughput, of approximately 1,000,000 barrels per day ("bpd"), and a weighted-average Nelson Complexity Index of 13.2 based on current operating conditions. The complexity and throughput capacity of our refineries are subject to change dependent upon configuration changes we make to respond to market conditions, as well as a result of investments made to improve our facilities and maintain compliance with environmental and governmental regulations. We operate in two reportable business segments: Refining and Logistics. Our six oil refineries are all engaged in the refining of crude oil and other feedstocks into petroleum products, and are aggregated into the Refining segment. PBFX operates certain logistics assets such as crude oil and refined petroleum products terminals, pipelines, and storage facilities, which are aggregated into the Logistics segment. Our six refineries are located inDelaware City, Delaware ,Paulsboro, New Jersey ,Toledo, Ohio ,Chalmette, Louisiana ,Torrance, California andMartinez, California . In 2020, we reconfigured ourDelaware City andPaulsboro refineries (the "East Coast Refining Reconfiguration"), temporarily idling certain of our major processing units at thePaulsboro refinery , in order to operate the two refineries as one functional unit that we refer to as the "East Coast Refining System". Each refinery is briefly described in the table below: Throughput Capacity (in Refinery Region Nelson Complexity Index (1) bpd) (1) PADD Crude Processed (2) Source (2) light sweet through Delaware City East Coast 13.6 180,000 1 heavy sour water, rail light sweet through Paulsboro East Coast 10.4(3) 105,000(3) 1 heavy sour water Toledo Mid-Continent 11.0 180,000 2 light sweet pipeline, truck, rail light sweet through Chalmette Gulf Coast 13.0 185,000 3 heavy sour water, pipeline Torrance West Coast 13.8 166,000 5 medium and heavy pipeline, water, truck Martinez West Coast 16.1 157,000 5 medium and heavy pipeline and water ________ (1) Reflects operating conditions at each refinery as of the date of this filing. Changes in complexity and throughput capacity reflect the result of current market conditions such as our East Coast Refining Reconfiguration, in addition to investments made to improve our facilities and maintain compliance with environmental and governmental regulations. Configurations at each of our refineries are evaluated and updated accordingly.
(2) Reflects the typical crude and feedstocks and related sources utilized under normal operating conditions and prevailing market environments.
(3) Under normal operating conditions and prevailing market environments, our Nelson Complexity Index and throughput capacity for thePaulsboro refinery would be 13.1 and 180,000, respectively. As a result of the East Coast Refining Reconfiguration, our Nelson Complexity Index and throughput capacity were reduced. 45 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As ofMarch 31, 2022 ,PBF Energy owned 120,638,879PBF LLC Series C Units and our current and former executive officers and directors and certain employees and others held 927,990PBF LLC Series A Units (we refer to all of the holders of thePBF LLC Series A Units as "the members ofPBF LLC other thanPBF Energy "). As a result, the holders of our issued and outstanding shares of our PBF Energy Class A common stock have approximately 99.2% of the voting power in us, and the members ofPBF LLC other thanPBF Energy through their holdings of Class B common stock have approximately 0.8% of the voting power in us (99.2% and 0.8% as ofDecember 31, 2021 , respectively). 46 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Business Developments
Recent significant business developments affecting us are discussed below.
Market Developments
We continue to adjust our operational plans to the evolving market conditions and continue to monitor and manage operating expenses through reductions in discretionary activities and third-party services. Market conditions currently include high crude oil prices, tight domestic supplies and elevated refining margins as a result of sustained increases in demand, coupled with global supply disruption related to sanctions imposed onRussia for its invasion ofUkraine . We also remain focused on enhancing the profitability and reliability of our core operations. Our full-year refining capital expenditures are expected to range from$500.0 million to$550.0 million . While our refining capital expenditures in 2022 are projected to increase in comparison to 2021, we continue to focus on capital discipline, with turnaround and other mandatory spend accounting for the majority of total planned refining capital expenses for 2022. Consistent with our prior year approach, we will be responsive in regards to the pace of capital expenditures and scope of turnarounds depending on market conditions.Renewable Diesel Project We continue to advance on our project for a renewable fuels production facility co-located at ourChalmette refinery . The project incorporates certain idled assets at the refinery, including an idle hydrocracker, along with a newly-constructed pre-treatment unit to establish a 20,000 barrel per day renewable diesel production facility. During the first quarter of 2022, we invested approximately$40.0 million in incremental capital to continue to progress and incubate the project with the goal of being in production in the first half of 2023. Concurrently with our activities to progress the project, we are continuing discussions with potential strategic and financial partners.
Factors Affecting Comparability Between Periods
Our results have been affected by the following events, the understanding of which will aid in assessing the comparability of our period to period financial performance and financial condition.
Market Developments
The impact of the unprecedented global health and economic crisis sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of the quarter endedMarch 31, 2020 , created a shock in oil demand resulting in an economic challenge to our industry which has not occurred since our formation. This resulted in significant demand reduction for our refined products and atypical volatility in oil commodity prices. The demand for these products started to rebound in 2021 and continued to improve in the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 . Additionally, refining margins improved in the first quarter of 2022 as a result of global supply disruption.
Debt and Credit Facilities
Revolving Credit Facility
The outstanding borrowings under the
47 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PBFX Revolving Credit Facility
During the three months ended
Tax Receivable Agreement
As ofMarch 31, 2022 ,PBF Energy recognized a liability for the Tax Receivable Agreement of$67.6 million ($48.3 million as ofDecember 31, 2021 ) reflecting the estimate of the undiscounted amounts that the Company expected to pay under the agreement, net of the impact of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance recognized in accordance withFinancial Accounting Standards Board , Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"). As future taxable income is recognized, increases in our Tax Receivable Agreement liability may be necessary in conjunction with the revaluation of deferred tax assets. 48 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Results of Operations
The tables below reflect our consolidated financial and operating highlights for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in millions, except per share data). Differences between the results of operations ofPBF Energy andPBF LLC primarily pertain to income taxes, interest expense and noncontrolling interest as shown below. Earnings per share information applies only to the financial results ofPBF Energy . We operate in two reportable business segments: Refining and Logistics. Our oil refineries, excluding the assets owned by PBFX, are all engaged in the refining of crude oil and other feedstocks into petroleum products, and are aggregated into the Refining segment. PBFX is a publicly-traded MLP that operates certain logistics assets such as crude oil and refined products terminals, pipelines and storage facilities. PBFX's operations are aggregated into the Logistics segment. We do not separately discuss our results by individual segments as, apart from PBFX's third-party acquisitions, our Logistics segment did not have any significant third-party revenues and a significant portion of its operating results are eliminated in consolidation. Three Months Ended PBF Energy March 31, 2022 2021 Revenues$ 9,141.7 $ 4,924.8 Cost and expenses: Cost of products and other 8,206.2 4,191.0
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense as reflected below)
620.4 481.3 Depreciation and amortization expense 118.3 114.1 Cost of sales 8,944.9 4,786.4
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense as reflected below)
53.5 47.8 Depreciation and amortization expense 1.9 3.4 Change in fair value of contingent consideration 50.3 30.1 Loss (gain) on sale of assets 0.1 (0.6) Total cost and expenses 9,050.7 4,867.1 Income from operations 91.0 57.7 Other income (expense): Interest expense, net (78.4) (80.3) Change in Tax Receivable Agreement liability (19.3) - Change in fair value of catalyst obligations (4.9) (10.0) Other non-service components of net periodic benefit cost 2.2 2.0 Income (loss) before income taxes (9.4) (30.6) Income tax benefit (6.1) (8.4) Net income (loss) (3.3) (22.2) Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 17.8 19.1 Net income (loss) attributable to PBF Energy Inc. stockholders$ (21.1) $ (41.3) Consolidated gross margin$ 196.8 $ 138.4 Gross refining margin (1)$ 850.7 $ 650.2 Net income (loss) available to Class A common stock per share: Basic$ (0.18) $ (0.34) Diluted$ (0.18) $ (0.34)
(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
49 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Three Months Ended PBF LLC March 31, 2022 2021 Revenues$ 9,141.7 $ 4,924.8 Cost and expenses: Cost of products and other 8,206.2 4,191.0
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense as reflected below)
620.4 481.3 Depreciation and amortization expense 118.3 114.1 Cost of sales 8,944.9 4,786.4
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense as reflected below)
53.1 47.5 Depreciation and amortization expense 1.9 3.4 Change in fair value of contingent consideration 50.3 30.1 Loss (gain) on sale of assets 0.1 (0.6) Total cost and expenses 9,050.3 4,866.8 Income from operations 91.4 58.0 Other income (expense): Interest expense, net (81.0) (82.9) Change in fair value of catalyst obligations (4.9) (10.0) Other non-service components of net periodic benefit cost 2.2 2.0 Income (loss) before income taxes 7.7 (32.9) Income tax benefit (8.1) (10.6) Net income (loss) 15.8 (22.3) Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 17.8 19.5 Net income (loss) attributable to PBF Energy Company LLC$ (2.0) $ (41.8) 50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Three Months Ended Operating Highlights March 31, 2022 2021 Key Operating Information Production (bpd in thousands) 844.3 758.2 Crude oil and feedstocks throughput (bpd in thousands) 832.6 745.5 Total crude oil and feedstocks throughput (millions of barrels) 74.9 67.1 Consolidated gross margin per barrel of throughput
$ 11.36 $ 3.65 Refinery operating expense, per barrel of throughput
Crude and feedstocks (% of total throughput) (2) Heavy 34 % 36 % Medium 32 % 31 % Light 18 % 18 % Other feedstocks and blends 16 % 15 % Total throughput 100 % 100 % Yield (% of total throughput) Gasoline and gasoline blendstocks 48 % 54 % Distillates and distillate blendstocks 34 % 30 % Lubes 1 % 1 % Chemicals 2 % 2 % Other 16 % 15 % Total yield 101 % 102 % (1) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures. (2) We define heavy crude oil as crude oil withAmerican Petroleum Institute ("API") gravity less than 24 degrees. We define medium crude oil as crude oil with API gravity between 24 and 35 degrees. We define light crude oil as crude oil with API gravity higher than 35 degrees. 51 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The table below summarizes certain market indicators relating to our operating results as reported by Platts.
Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2022 2021
(dollars per barrel, except as
noted) Dated Brent crude oil$ 101.75 $ 61.16 West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil$ 95.22 $ 58.13 Light Louisiana Sweet (LLS) crude oil$ 97.50 $ 60.26 Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil$ 96.13 $ 61.07 Crack Spreads Dated Brent (NYH) 2-1-1$ 21.69 $ 12.06 WTI (Chicago) 4-3-1$ 17.94 $ 11.56 LLS (Gulf Coast) 2-1-1$ 24.14 $ 12.05 ANS (West Coast-LA) 4-3-1$ 32.84 $ 15.75 ANS (West Coast-SF) 3-2-1$ 29.39 $ 12.92 Crude Oil Differentials Dated Brent (foreign) less WTI$ 6.54 $ 3.03 Dated Brent less Maya (heavy, sour)$ 12.24 $ 4.53 Dated Brent less WTS (sour)$ 6.74 $ 2.26 Dated Brent less ASCI (sour)$ 8.63 $ 2.77 WTI less WCS (heavy, sour)$ 15.31 $ 12.01 WTI less Bakken (light, sweet)$ (3.49) $ 0.50 WTI less Syncrude (light, sweet)$ 0.18 $ 0.97 WTI less LLS (light, sweet)$ (2.28) $ (2.13) WTI less ANS (light, sweet)$ (0.92) $ (2.94) Natural gas (dollars per MMBTU)
Three Months Ended
Overview-PBF Energy net loss was$3.3 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 compared to a net loss of$22.2 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 .PBF LLC net income was$15.8 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 compared to a net loss of$22.3 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 . Net loss attributable toPBF Energy stockholders was$21.1 million , or$(0.18) per diluted share, for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 ($(0.18 ) per share on a fully-exchanged, fully-diluted basis based on adjusted fully-converted net loss, or$0.35 per share on a fully-exchanged, fully-diluted basis based on adjusted fully-converted net income excluding special items, as described below in Non-GAAP Financial Measures), compared to net loss attributable toPBF Energy stockholders of$41.3 million , or$(0.34) per diluted share, for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 ($(0.34 ) per share on a fully-exchanged, fully-diluted basis based on adjusted fully-converted net loss, or$(2.61) per share on a fully-exchanged, fully-diluted basis based on adjusted fully-converted net loss excluding special items, as described below in Non-GAAP Financial Measures). The net loss attributable toPBF Energy stockholders representsPBF Energy's equity interest inPBF LLC's pre-tax income, less applicable income tax benefit.PBF Energy's weighted-average equity interest inPBF LLC was 99.2% for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 and 2021. 52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our results for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 were negatively impacted by special items consisting of a change in fair value of contingent consideration of$50.3 million , or$37.3 million net of tax, primarily related to the acquisition of theMartinez refinery and logistic assets (the "Martinez Acquisition"), a$12.8 million tax expense associated with the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets, and pre-tax charges associated with the change in the Tax Receivable Agreement liability of$19.3 million , or$14.3 million net of tax. Our results for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 were positively impacted by special items consisting of a non-cash, pre-tax lower of cost or market ("LCM") inventory adjustment of approximately$405.6 million , or$297.7 million net of tax, offset by a change in the fair value of contingent consideration of$30.1 million , or$22.1 million net of tax, primarily related to the Martinez Acquisition and$1.7 million tax expense associated with the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets. Excluding the impact of these special items, when comparing our results to the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , we experienced an increase in the demand for our refined products, evidenced by higher throughput volumes and barrels sold at all of our refineries, as well as overall stronger refining margins due to favorable movements in crack spreads and crude oil differentials. These improving metrics have positively impacted our revenues, cost of products sold and operating income. During the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , despite signs of demand recovery and improving refining margins in the Mid-Continent, our results continued to be negatively impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, in the first quarter of 2021, we experienced unfavorable movements in certain crude oil differentials and overall lower throughput volumes and barrels sold across the majority of the refineries. Revenues- Revenues totaled$9.1 billion for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 compared to$4.9 billion for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , an increase of approximately$4.2 billion , or 85.7%. Revenues per barrel were$107.58 and$67.47 for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, an increase of 59.4% directly related to higher hydrocarbon commodity prices. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 , the total throughput rates at ourEast Coast , Mid-Continent,Gulf Coast andWest Coast refineries averaged approximately 263,100 bpd, 136,700 bpd, 163,100 bpd and 269,700 bpd, respectively. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , the total throughput rates at ourEast Coast , Mid-Continent,Gulf Coast andWest Coast refineries averaged approximately 242,800 bpd, 117,200 bpd, 153,800 bpd and 231,700 bpd, respectively. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 , total barrels sold at ourEast Coast , Mid-Continent,Gulf Coast andWest Coast refineries averaged approximately 318,700 bpd, 139,800 bpd, 175,700 bpd and 310,000 bpd, respectively. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , total barrels sold at ourEast Coast , Mid-Continent,Gulf Coast andWest Coast refineries averaged approximately 270,800 bpd, 129,800 bpd, 154,000 bpd and 256,400 bpd, respectively. The throughput rates at all of our refineries were higher in the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. We plan to continue operating our refineries based on demand and current market conditions. Total refined product barrels sold were higher than throughput rates, reflecting sales from inventory as well as sales and purchases of refined products outside our refineries. Consolidated Gross Margin- Consolidated gross margin totaled$196.8 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 , compared to$138.4 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , an increase of approximately$58.4 million . Gross refining margin (as described below in Non-GAAP Financial Measures) totaled$850.7 million , or$11.36 per barrel of throughput for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 compared to$650.2 million , or$9.70 per barrel of throughput for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , an increase of approximately$200.5 million . Gross refining margin excluding special items totaled$850.7 million or$11.36 per barrel of throughput for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 compared to$244.6 million or$3.65 per barrel of throughput for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , an increase of$606.1 million . 53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- During the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 , our margin calculation was not impacted by special items. Consolidated gross margin and gross refining margin increased due to favorable movements in certain crack spreads and crude oil differentials and higher throughput volumes and barrels sold at all of our refineries. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , special items impacting our margin calculations included a non-cash LCM inventory benefit of approximately$405.6 million on a net basis, resulting from an increase in crude oil and refined product prices from the year ended 2020 to the end of the first quarter of 2021. Additionally, our results continue to be impacted by significant costs to comply with the Renewable Fuel Standard. Total Renewable Fuel Standard compliance costs were$194.4 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 in comparison to$283.1 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 . Average industry margins were mostly favorable during the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 in comparison to the same period in 2021, primarily due to varying timing and extent of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on regional demand and commodity prices, in addition to increased refining margins as a result of global supply disruptions. Favorable movements in these benchmark crude differentials typically result in lower crude costs and positively impact our earnings while reductions in these benchmark crude differentials typically result in higher crude costs and negatively impact our earnings. On theEast Coast , the Dated Brent (NYH) 2-1-1 industry crack spread was approximately$21.69 per barrel, or 79.9% higher, in the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 , as compared to$12.06 per barrel in the same period in 2021. Our margins were impacted from our refinery specific slate on theEast Coast by strengthened Dated Brent/Maya differentials, which increased by$7.71 per barrel, slightly offset by weakened WTI/Bakken differentials, which decreased by$3.99 per barrel, in comparison to the same period in 2021. The WTI/WCS differential increased to$15.31 per barrel in the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 compared to$12.01 in the same period in 2021, which favorably impacted our cost of heavy Canadian crude. Across the Mid-Continent, the WTI (Chicago ) 4-3-1 industry crack spread was$17.94 per barrel, or 55.2% higher, in the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 as compared to$11.56 per barrel in the same period in 2021. Our margins were negatively impacted from our refinery specific slate in the Mid-Continent by a decreasing WTI/Bakken differential and WTI/Syncrude differential, which decreased by$3.99 per barrel and$0.79 per barrel, respectively. On theGulf Coast , the LLS (Gulf Coast ) 2-1-1 industry crack spread was$24.14 per barrel, or 100.3% higher, in the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 as compared to$12.05 per barrel in the same period in 2021. Margins on theGulf Coast were negatively impacted from our refinery specific slate by a weakening WTI/LLS differential, which averaged a premium of$2.28 per barrel during the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 as compared to a premium of$2.13 per barrel in the same period of 2021. On theWest Coast , the ANS (West Coast ) 4-3-1 industry crack spread was$32.84 per barrel, or 108.5% higher, in the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 as compared to$15.75 per barrel in the same period in 2021. Additionally (West Coast ) 3-2-1 industry crack spread was$29.39 per barrel, or 127.5% higher, in the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 as compared to$12.92 per barrel in the same period in 2021. Our margins on theWest Coast were positively impacted from our refinery specific slate by a strengthening WTI/ANS differential, which averaged a premium of$0.92 per barrel during the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 as compared to a premium of$2.94 per barrel in the same period of 2021. 54 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Operating Expenses- Operating expenses totaled$620.4 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 compared to$481.3 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , an increase of approximately$139.1 million , or 28.9%. Of the total$620.4 million of operating expenses for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 ,$595.6 million or$7.95 per barrel of throughput, related to expenses incurred by the Refining segment, while the remaining$24.8 million related to expenses incurred by the Logistics segment ($460.2 million or$6.86 per barrel of throughput, and$21.1 million of operating expenses for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 related to the Refining and Logistics segments, respectively). Increase in operating expenses was mainly attributable to increases in natural gas volumes and price across our refineries when compared to the same period in 2021. Additionally, we experienced higher outside services, maintenance and operational costs due to increased production when compared to the same period in 2021. General and Administrative Expenses- General and administrative expenses totaled$53.5 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 compared to$47.8 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , an increase of approximately$5.7 million or 11.9%. The slight increase in general and administrative expenses for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 in comparison to the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 primarily related to increased salaries, wages and benefits, and other fixed expenses. Our general and administrative expenses are comprised of personnel, facilities and other infrastructure costs necessary to support our refineries and related logistics assets.
Loss (Gain) on Sale of Assets- There was a loss of
Depreciation and Amortization Expense- Depreciation and amortization expense totaled$120.2 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 (including$118.3 million recorded within Cost of sales) compared to$117.5 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 (including$114.1 million recorded within Cost of sales), an increase of approximately$2.7 million . The slight increase was a result of a general increase in our fixed asset base due to capital projects and turnarounds completed since the first quarter of 2021. Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration- Change in fair value of contingent consideration represented a loss of$50.3 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 in comparison to a loss of$30.1 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 . These losses were primarily related to the changes in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration associated with the Martinez Acquisition (the "Martinez Contingent Consideration"). Change in Tax Receivable Agreement Liability- Change in the Tax Receivable Agreement liability for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 represented a loss of$19.3 million . There was no change in the Tax Receivable Agreement liability for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 . These losses were primarily the result of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance recorded in accordance with ASC 740 related to the reduction of deferred tax assets associated with the payments made or expected to be made in connection with the Tax Receivable Agreement liability. Change in Fair Value of Catalyst Obligations- Change in fair value of catalyst obligations represented a loss of$4.9 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 compared to a loss of$10.0 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 . These losses relate to the change in value of the precious metals underlying the sale and leaseback of our refineries' precious metal catalysts, which we are obligated to repurchase at fair market value upon lease termination. Interest Expense, net-PBF Energy interest expense totaled$78.4 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 compared to$80.3 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , a decrease of approximately$1.9 million . This slight net decrease in interest expense is mainly attributable to lower outstanding debt due to the repurchase of a portion of the 6.00% senior unsecured notes due 2028 (the "2028 Senior Notes") and 7.25% senior unsecured notes due 2025 (the "2025 Senior Notes"), in the second half of 2021. Interest expense includes interest on long-term debt including the PBFX credit facilities, costs related to 55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- the sale and leaseback of our precious metal catalysts, financing costs associated with the Third Inventory Intermediation Agreement withJ. Aron , letter of credit fees associated with the purchase of certain crude oils and the amortization of deferred financing costs.PBF LLC interest expense totaled$81.0 million and$82.9 million for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (inclusive of$2.6 million and$2.6 million , respectively, of incremental interest expense on the affiliate note payable withPBF Energy that eliminates in consolidation at thePBF Energy level).Income Tax Expense- PBF LLC is organized as a limited liability company and PBFX is an MLP, both of which are treated as "flow-through" entities for federal income tax purposes and therefore are not subject to income tax. However, two subsidiaries ofChalmette Refining L.L.C ("Chalmette Refining") and our Canadian subsidiary,PBF Energy Limited , are treated as C-Corporations for income tax purposes and may incur income taxes with respect to their earnings, as applicable. The members ofPBF LLC are required to include their proportionate share ofPBF LLC's taxable income or loss, which includesPBF LLC's allocable share of PBFX's pre-tax income or loss, on their respective tax returns.PBF LLC generally makes distributions to its members, per the terms ofPBF LLC's amended and restated limited liability company agreement, related to such taxes on a pro-rata basis.PBF Energy recognizes an income tax expense or benefit in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements based onPBF Energy's allocable share ofPBF LLC's pre-tax income or loss, which was approximately 99.2%, on a weighted-average basis for both the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 andMarch 31, 2021 .PBF Energy's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not reflect any benefit or provision for income taxes on the pre-tax income or loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests inPBF LLC or PBFX (although, as described above,PBF LLC must make tax distributions to all its members on a pro-rata basis).PBF Energy's effective tax rate, including the impact of noncontrolling interests, for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 andMarch 31, 2021 was 22.4% and 16.9%, respectively. Noncontrolling Interest-PBF Energy is the sole managing member of, and has a controlling interest in,PBF LLC . As the sole managing member ofPBF LLC ,PBF Energy operates and controls all of the business and affairs ofPBF LLC and its subsidiaries.PBF Energy consolidates the financial results ofPBF LLC and its subsidiaries, including PBFX. With respect to the consolidation ofPBF LLC , the Company records a noncontrolling interest for the economic interest inPBF LLC held by members other thanPBF Energy , and with respect to the consolidation of PBFX, the Company records a noncontrolling interest for the economic interests in PBFX held by the public unitholders of PBFX, and with respect to the consolidation ofPBF Holding , the Company records a 20% noncontrolling interest for the ownership interests in two subsidiaries ofChalmette Refining held by a third-party. The total noncontrolling interest on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations represents the portion of the Company's earnings or loss attributable to the economic interests held by members ofPBF LLC other thanPBF Energy , by the public common unitholders of PBFX and by the third-party stockholders of certain ofChalmette Refining's subsidiaries. The total noncontrolling interest on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets represents the portion of the Company's net assets attributable to the economic interests held by the members ofPBF LLC other thanPBF Energy , by the public common unitholders of PBFX and by the third-party stockholders of the twoChalmette Refining subsidiaries.PBF Energy's weighted-average equity noncontrolling interest ownership percentage inPBF LLC for both the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 and 2021 was approximately 0.8%. The carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets attributable to the noncontrolling interest is not equal to the noncontrolling interest ownership percentage due to the effect of income taxes and related agreements that pertain solely toPBF Energy . 56 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Management uses certain financial measures to evaluate our operating performance that are calculated and presented on the basis of methodologies other than in accordance with GAAP ("Non-GAAP"). These measures should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted inthe United States of America ("GAAP"), and our calculations thereof may not be comparable to similarly entitled measures reported by other companies. Such Non-GAAP financial measures are presented only in the context ofPBF Energy's results and are not presented or discussed in respect toPBF LLC .
Special Items
The Non-GAAP measures presented include Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income (Loss) excluding special items, EBITDA excluding special items and gross refining margin excluding special items. Special items for the periods presented relate to LCM inventory adjustments, changes in fair value of contingent consideration, changes in the Tax Receivable Agreement liability and net tax expense on remeasurement of deferred tax assets. See "Notes to Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for more details on all special items disclosed. Although we believe that Non-GAAP financial measures, excluding the impact of special items, provide useful supplemental information to investors regarding the results and performance of our business and allow for helpful period-over-period comparisons, such Non-GAAP measures should only be considered as a supplement to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, the financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income (Loss) Excluding Special Items
PBF Energy utilizes results presented on an Adjusted Fully-Converted basis that reflects an assumed exchange of allPBF LLC Series A Units for shares of PBF Energy Class A common stock. In addition, we present results on an Adjusted Fully-Converted basis excluding special items as described above. We believe that these Adjusted Fully-Converted measures, when presented in conjunction with comparable GAAP measures, are useful to investors to comparePBF Energy results across different periods and to facilitate an understanding of our operating results. Neither Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income (Loss) nor Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income (Loss) excluding special items should be considered an alternative to net income (loss) presented in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income (Loss) excluding special items presented by other companies may not be comparable to our presentation, since each company may define these terms differently. The differences between Adjusted Fully-Converted and GAAP results are as follows: 1. Assumed exchange of allPBF LLC Series A Units for shares ofPBF Energy Class A common stock. As a result of the assumed exchange of allPBF LLC Series A Units, the noncontrolling interest related to these units is converted to controlling interest. Management believes that it is useful to provide the per-share effect associated with the assumed exchange of allPBF LLC Series A Units. 2. Income Taxes. Prior toPBF Energy's initial public offering ("IPO"),PBF Energy was organized as a limited liability company treated as a "flow-through" entity for income tax purposes, and even afterPBF Energy's IPO, not all of its earnings are subject to corporate-level income taxes. Adjustments have been made to the Adjusted Fully-Converted tax provisions and earnings to assume thatPBF Energy had adopted its post-IPO corporate tax structure for all periods presented and is taxed as a C-corporation in theU.S. at the prevailing corporate rates. These assumptions are consistent with the assumption in clause 1 above that allPBF LLC Series A Units are exchanged for shares ofPBF Energy Class A common stock, as the assumed exchange would change the amount ofPBF Energy's earnings that are subject to corporate income tax. 57 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following table reconcilesPBF Energy's Adjusted Fully-Converted results with its results presented in accordance with GAAP for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 and 2021 (in millions, except share and per share amounts): Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 Net income (loss) attributable to PBF Energy Inc. stockholders$ (21.1) $ (41.3) Less: Income allocated to participating securities - - Income (loss) available to PBF Energy Inc. stockholders - basic (21.1) (41.3)
Add: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest (1)
(0.1) (0.4) Less: Income tax benefit (2) 0.1 0.1 Adjusted fully-converted net income (loss)$ (21.1) $ (41.6) Special Items: (3) Add: Non-cash LCM inventory adjustment - (405.6) Add: Change in fair value of contingent consideration 50.3 30.1 Add: Change in Tax Receivable Agreement liability 19.3 - Add: Net tax expense on remeasurement of deferred tax assets 12.8 1.7 Add: Recomputed income tax on special items (18.0) 99.9
Adjusted fully-converted net income (loss) excluding special items
$ 43.3 $ (315.5) Weighted-average shares outstanding of PBF Energy Inc. 120,339,041 119,926,267 Conversion of PBF LLC Series A Units (4) 927,990 979,449 Common stock equivalents (5) 2,282,174 - Fully-converted shares outstanding-diluted 123,549,205 120,905,716 Diluted net income (loss) per share
----------
See Notes to Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
58 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross Refining Margin and Gross Refining Margin Excluding Special Items
Gross refining margin is defined as consolidated gross margin excluding refinery depreciation, refinery operating expense, and gross margin of PBFX. We believe both gross refining margin and gross refining margin excluding special items are important measures of operating performance and provide useful information to investors because they are helpful metric comparisons to the industry refining margin benchmarks, as the refining margin benchmarks do not include a charge for refinery operating expenses and depreciation. In order to assess our operating performance, we compare our gross refining margin (revenues less cost of products and other) to industry refining margin benchmarks and crude oil prices as defined in the table below. Neither gross refining margin nor gross refining margin excluding special items should be considered an alternative to consolidated gross margin, income from operations, net cash flows from operating activities or any other measure of financial performance or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP. Gross refining margin and gross refining margin excluding special items presented by other companies may not be comparable to our presentation, since each company may define these terms differently. The following table presents our GAAP calculation of gross margin and a reconciliation of gross refining margin to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, consolidated gross margin, on a historical basis, as applicable, for each of the periods indicated (in millions, except per barrel amounts):
© Edgar Online, source