The following information should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report.

Business Overview

Astrotech Corporation (Nasdaq: ASTC) ("Astrotech," the "Company," "we," "us," or "our"), a Delaware corporation organized in 1984, is a mass spectrometry company that launches, manages, and commercializes scalable companies based on its innovative core technology.

The Company's efforts are focused on commercializing its platform mass spectrometry technology through its wholly-owned subsidiaries:

Astrotech Technologies, Inc. ("ATI") owns and licenses intellectual property
      related to the Astrotech Mass Spectrometer Technology™ (the "AMS
      Technology").


   •  1st Detect Corporation ("1st Detect") is a manufacturer of explosives and
      narcotics trace detectors developed for use at airports, cargo and other
      secured facilities, and borders worldwide. 1st Detect holds an exclusive AMS
      Technology license from ATI for air passenger and cargo security
      applications.


   •  AgLAB, Inc. ("AgLAB") is developing a series of mass spectrometers for use
      in the hemp and cannabis market with initial focus on optimizing yields in
      the extraction and distillation process. AgLAB holds an exclusive AMS
      Technology license from ATI for agriculture applications.


   •  BreathTech Corporation ("BreathTech") is developing a breath analysis tool
      to screen for volatile organic compound ("VOC") metabolites found in a
      person's breath that could indicate they may have an infection, including
      COVID-19 or pneumonia. BreathTech holds an exclusive AMS Technology license
      from ATI for breath analysis applications.




Our Business Units



Astrotech Technologies, Inc.

ATI owns and licenses the AMS Technology, the platform mass spectrometry technology originally developed by 1st Detect. Long recognized as the gold standard in chemical detection, mass spectrometry has historically been too costly, bulky, and cumbersome. In contrast, the AMS Technology has been designed to be inexpensive, small, and easy to use. Unlike other technologies, the AMS Technology works under ultra-high vacuum, which eliminates competing molecules, yielding higher resolution and fewer false alarms. The intellectual property includes 24 granted patents and two additional patents in process along with extensive trade secrets. With a number of diverse market opportunities for the core technology, ATI is structured to license the intellectual property for different fields of use. ATI currently licenses the AMS Technology to three wholly-owned subsidiaries of Astrotech on an exclusive basis, including to 1st Detect for use in the security and detection market, to AgLAB for use in the agriculture market, and to BreathTech for use in breath analysis.

ATI has contracted with Sanmina Corporation ("Sanmina"), a leading contract manufacturer with a worldwide presence. During the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, Sanmina completed production of the first batch of TRACER 1000 instruments. Sanmina has already helped to reduce the cost of the TRACER 1000™ and we have leveraged their expertise to improve manufacturability and reliability of our systems.





1st Detect Corporation

1st Detect, a licensee of ATI for the security and detection market, has developed the TRACER 1000, the world's first mass spectrometer ("MS") based explosives trace detector ("ETD") certified by the European Civil Aviation Conference ("ECAC"), designed to replace the ETDs used at airports, cargo and other secured facilities, and borders worldwide. The Company believes that ETD customers are unsatisfied with the currently deployed ETD technology, which is driven by ion mobility spectrometry ("IMS"). The Company believes that IMS-based ETDs are fraught with false positives, as they often misidentify personal care products and other common household chemicals as explosives, causing facility shutdowns, unnecessary delays, frustration, and significant wasted security resources. In addition, there are hundreds of different types of explosives, but IMS-based ETDs have a very limited threat detection library reserved only for those several explosives of largest concern. Adding additional compounds to the detection library of an IMS-based ETD fundamentally reduces the instrument's performance, further increasing the likelihood of false alarms. In contrast, adding additional compounds to the TRACER 1000's detection library does not degrade its detection capabilities, as it has a virtually unlimited and expandable threat library.

In order to sell the TRACER 1000 to airport and cargo security customers in the European Union, ECAC certification is required. Certain other countries around the globe also accept ECAC certification. We received ECAC certification for the TRACER 1000 on February 21, 2019. We are now taking orders from airports and cargo facilities outside of the U.S. that accept ECAC



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certification. We have deployed or received orders for the TRACER 1000 in approximately twenty locations in thirteen countries throughout Europe and Asia.

In the United States, the Company is working with the U.S. Transportation Security Administration ("TSA") towards air cargo certification. On March 27, 2018, the Company announced that the TRACER 1000 was accepted into TSA's Air Cargo Screening Technology Qualification Test ("ACSQT") and, on April 4, 2018, the Company announced that the TRACER 1000 was beginning testing with TSA for passenger screening at airports. On November 14, 2019, the Company announced that the TRACER 1000 had been selected by the TSA's Innovation Task Force to conduct live checkpoint screening at Miami International Airport. With similar protocols as ECAC testing, the Company has received valuable feedback from all programs. Following ECAC certification and the Company's early traction within the cargo market, testing for cargo security continued with the TSA. With the COVID-19 pandemic, all testing within the TSA was put on hold; however, cargo testing resumed during the summer of 2020, and the Company subsequently announced on September 9, 2020 that the TRACER 1000 passed the non-detection testing portion of the TSA's ACSQT. TSA cargo detection testing is ongoing and is the next and final step to be listed on the Air Cargo Screening Technology List ("ACSTL") as an "approved" device. If approved, the TRACER 1000 will be approved for cargo sales in the United States.

On August 25, 2021, 1st Detect announced that it has secured an important landmark purchase order for the TRACER 1000, representing the first units to be deployed at an airport security checkpoint.

AgLAB Inc.

AgLAB, an exclusive licensee of ATI for the agriculture market, has developed the AgLAB-1000™ series of mass spectrometers for use in the hemp and cannabis market with initial focus on optimizing yields in the extraction and distillation process. The AgLAB product line is a derivative of our core AMS Technology. The AMS Technology provides a significant competitive advantage due to its small size, rugged design, quick analysis, and ease of use.

BreathTech Corporation

BreathTech is developing the BreathTest-1000™, a breath analysis tool to screen for VOC metabolites found in a person's breath that could indicate they may have an infection, including COVID-19 or pneumonia. While vaccines have been deployed to prevent the transmission of COVID-19, only a small fraction of the world has been vaccinated and new variants continue to pose a significant and evolving threat. New tools to aid in the battle against COVID-19 remain of the utmost importance to help defeat the disease, and BreathTech, in conjunction with the Cleveland Clinic, are at the forefront of developing a quick and easy to use device to help prevent the further spread of the disease.

Development of the BreathTest-1000 follows our results in pre-clinical trials for the BreathDetect-1000™, a rapid self-serve breathalyzer that was designed to detect bacterial infections in the respiratory tract, including pneumonia. The pre-clinical trials were conducted in collaboration with UT Health San Antonio in 2017.

Trends and Uncertainties - COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic.

We are subject to risks and uncertainties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business is uncertain and difficult to predict, as the disease and the responses that we, other businesses, and governments are taking continue to evolve. Furthermore, capital markets and economies worldwide have also been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and it remains possible that it could cause a prolonged global economic recession. Policymakers around the globe have responded with fiscal policy actions to support the economy as a whole. The magnitude and overall effectiveness of these actions have been somewhat positive, but continuing actions remain uncertain and pose some degree of risk.

To date, we have seen delays with respect to the TSA certification process and parts of our supply chain, particularly the impact of the global semiconductor shortage, as a result of COVID-19. In addition, although passenger demand for air travel has recently rebounded to a certain extent, the overall recovery of the airline industry and ancillary services remains highly uncertain and is dependent upon, among other things, the number of cases declining around the globe, public health impacts of new COVID-19 variants, the continued administration of the vaccine to unvaccinated populations, and the duration of immunity granted by the current vaccine.

We continue to manage production, to secure alternative supplies, and to take other proactive actions. If supply chain shortages become more severe or longer term in nature, our business and results of operations could be adversely impacted; however, we do not expect this issue to materially adversely affect our liquidity position. The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business may not be fully reflected until future periods.



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We continue to evaluate the current and potential impact of the pandemic on our business, results of operations, and consolidated financial statements. We also continue to actively monitor developments and business conditions that may cause us to take further actions that alter business operations as may be required by applicable authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, suppliers, and stockholders.





Critical Accounting Policies


The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.





Results of Operations


Three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to three months ended September 30, 2020:





Selected consolidated financial data for the quarters ended September 30, 2021,
and 2020 is as follows:



                                        Three Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)                             2021                  2020
Revenue                               $           187       $           140
Cost of revenue                                   175                   113
Gross profit                                       12                    27
Gross margin                                        6 %                  19 %
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative             1,426                   926
Research and development                          639                   609
Disposal of corporate lease                         -                   544
Total operating expenses                        2,065                 2,079
Loss from operations                           (2,053 )              (2,052 )
Other income and (expense), net                    24                   (59 )
Income tax benefit                                  -                     -
Net loss                              $        (2,029 )     $        (2,111 )

Revenue - Total revenue increased $47 thousand during the first quarter of fiscal 2022, compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2021. All of the revenue generated in the first quarters of fiscal 2022 and 2021 was related to the sales of our TRACER 1000 to DHL (Deutsche Post AG).

Cost of Revenue - Gross profit is comprised of revenue less cost of revenue. In the first quarters of fiscal 2022 and 2021, cost of revenue was comprised of labor, materials, shipping, warranty reserve, and overhead allocation related to the sale of TRACER 1000 units. Cost of revenue increased $62 thousand during the first quarter of fiscal 2022, compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2021 due to the increase in revenue described above. Gross margin decreased by 13% in the first quarter fiscal 2022, compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2021 due to addressing issues relating to the sales of our earliest, ultra-low volume production units. We also incurred increased international shipping expenses caused by the current global shipping crisis.

Operating Expenses - Operating expenses decreased $14 thousand, or 1%, during the first quarter of fiscal 2022, compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2021. Significant changes to operating expenses include the following:





         •  Selling, general and administrative increased $500 thousand, or 54%,
            due to non-cash equity compensation for employees that incentivizes
            retention, payroll-related accruals, and legal expenses related to our
            derivative litigation.




         •  Research and development increased $30 thousand, or 5%, during the
            first quarter of fiscal 2022, compared to the first quarter of fiscal
            2021. This increase is mainly due to expenses resulting from moving
            our R&D facility from Webster to Austin.


         •  Disposal of long-lived assets decreased $544 thousand due to our
            termination of our corporate office lease and the disposal of the
            leasehold improvement assets and right-of-use assets and lease
            liabilities associated with that lease in the prior period.


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Income Taxes - Income tax benefit did not change during the first quarter of fiscal 2022, compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The realization of tax benefits depends on the existence of future taxable income. Pursuant to ASC 740 "Income Taxes", a valuation allowance has been established on all of our deferred tax assets.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following is a summary of the change in our cash and cash equivalents:





                                                  Three Months Ended
                                                    September 30,
(In thousands)                              2021         2020        Change

Change in cash and cash equivalents: Net cash used in operating activities $ (2,189 ) $ (1,480 ) (709 ) Net cash used in investing activities (97 ) (16 ) (81 ) Net cash used in financing activities (2,000 ) - (2,000 ) Net change in cash and cash equivalents $ (4,286 ) $ (1,496 ) $ (2,790 )






Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of September 30, 2021, we held cash and cash equivalents of $31.7 million, and our working capital was approximately $59.1 million. As of June 30, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $35.9 million, and our working capital was approximately $60.9 million. Cash and cash equivalents decreased $4.3 million as of September 30, 2021, compared to June 30, 2021, due to the partial repayment of the related party notes including accrued interest as well as continuing operating expenses.





Operating Activities



Cash used in operating activities increased $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020, due to an increase in accounts receivable from sales of the TRACER 1000, as well as increases in inventory and accounts payable as we continue to purchase raw materials to build the TRACER 1000.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities increased $81 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020, due to the addition of leasehold improvement assets related to our new R&D facility in Austin.





Financing Activities



Cash used in financing activities increased $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 due to the partial repayment of the related party notes.





Liquidity


Historically, our primary uses of cash have been to fund research and development, inventory, and selling, general and administrative expenses. During the fiscal year 2021, we successfully completed several public offerings of our common stock, raising net proceeds of approximately $67.6 million. We will continue to evaluate opportunities to further strengthen our liquidity, including selling the Company or a portion thereof, licensing some of our technology, raising additional funds through the capital markets, debt financing, equity financing, merging, or engaging in a strategic partnership. However, our ability to successfully effectuate any such transactions depends on operating and economic conditions, some of which are beyond our control. If additional capital is needed, we may not be able to obtain debt or equity financing on terms favorable to us, or at all. Based on current expectations, we believe we have sufficient liquidity to meet our capital expenditure and cash flow needs during the fiscal year 2022 from our available financial resources.





Income Taxes



Provision for Income Tax


Our effective tax rate is 0% for income tax for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and we expect that our effective tax rate for the full fiscal year 2022 year will be 0%. Based on the weight of available evidence, including net cumulative losses and expected future losses, we have determined that it is more likely than not that our U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets will not be realized and therefore a full valuation allowance has been provided on the U.S. federal and state net deferred tax assets.

In general, if we experience a greater than 50 percentage point aggregate change in ownership over a three-year period (a Section 382 ownership change), utilization of its pre-change net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Generally, U.S. state laws have laws similar to Internal Revenue Code Section 382. The annual limitation generally is determined by multiplying the value of the Company's stock at the time of such ownership



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change (subject to certain adjustments) by the applicable long-term tax-exempt rate. Such limitations may result in expiration of a portion of the NOL carryforward before utilization.

We file U.S. federal and state income tax returns. We are not currently subject to any income tax examinations. Dating back to June 2002, we have net operating loss carryovers, which generally allows all tax years to remain open to income tax examinations for all years for which there are loss carryforwards.





Uncertain Tax Positions


We recognize the financial statement effects of a tax position when it becomes more likely than not, based upon the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. We currently have approximately $300 thousand of uncertain tax positions as of September 30, 2021, all of which are accounted as contra-deferred tax assets. The Company does not expect any significant changes to its uncertain tax positions in the coming 12 months.





Income Taxes


There is $0 provision for income taxes during the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2021, or June 30, 2021.

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