Passengers, operators and the environment: Alstom is at your service

Firstly, our very-high-speed train offer that we are developing for SNCF in France - Avelia Horizon and its US counterpart, Avelia Liberty. We now have our first train in testing and homologation. Then, there are our emission-free solutions and the decarbonisation of rail. Today in Europe (EU28) 46% of the main railway lines are not electrified,but it is too costly for operators to electrify lines with low passenger density. So, we are offering hydrogen- and battery-powered trains, solutions where trains can run and be recharged at stations. In addition, there are a lot of older diesel trains running that need replacing as well. Our view is that there are app. 6000 diesel passengers' trains to be replaced by 2035 only in Europe, and here battery or hydrogen green traction can be good options.

Secondly, the 'passenger experience' initiative is interesting, where we look at long-term trends in passenger expectations, for example better luggage safety, cleaner trains, improved access for people with disabilities and to be internet-connected at all times.

Thirdly, its innovation. We are working on lots of projects which differentiate us from the competition, such as how to reduce energy consumption, reduce train noise, improve air conditioning systems to reduce energy, and incorporating recyclable materials for end-of-life dismantling… all the things that go into improving 'the total cost of ownership'.