Work organisation and working time arrangements (Αd hoc module), 2019

HELLENIC REPUBLIC

HELLENIC STATISTICAL AUTHORITY

Piraeus, 26 November 2020

PRESS RELEASE

WORK ORGANISATION AND WORKING TIME ARRANGEMENTS

LABOUR FORCE SURVEY - AD HOC MODULE 2019

The Hellenic Statistical Authority announces the results of an ad hoc survey on work organization and working time arrangements of employed persons. The survey was conducted along with the Labour Force Survey of the 2nd quarter of 2019.

The target population of the survey was employed persons aged 15 years old and over. The response rate of the ad hoc survey was 96.1%.

The objectives of the survey were to:

• estimate to which extent employed persons can determine their working time;
• study the on short notice possibility to take one or two hours or one or two days of leave for personal or family reasons;
• estimate to which extent employed persons work under time pressure and to which extent they are obliged to work outside the normal working hours;
• explore whether employed persons can influence the content and order of tasks undertaken;
• estimate the time needed to get from home to work
• capture the main place of work of employed persons as well as any changes;
• to study the methods of recording the presence and working hours.

Information on methodological issues:	Information for data provision:
Division of Population, Employment and Cost of Living Statistics	Tel. [phone]
Section of Employment Statistics	e-mail:[e-mail]
Dimitris Vatikiotis
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail:[e-mail]

• Flexibility to arrange the beginning and the end of the working time

Graph 1. Who determines the working hours?		Table 1. Who determines the working hours?
	80.0									Determined	Determined by	The employer or
									by	themselves with	organiztion	Did not
	70.0		69.3					Percentages (%)		themselves	restrictions	determines	answer
								Gender	Males	16.8	12.1	67.3	3.8
								Females	12.7	10.7	72.2	4.4
	60.0
									15-24	5.9	7.7	81.4	4.9
	50.0								25-34	8.7	10.2	77.1	3.9
								Age group	35-44	12.6	11.5	72.1	3.8
	40.0								45-54	15.9	12.2	68.2	3.8
									55+	27.5	13.0	54.9	4.7
	30.0							Level of	Up to lower secondary	30.1	11.1	54.5	4.3
								Upper secondary & Post secondary	13.7	11.2	71.2	3.9
								education
	20.0							Tertiary	9.2	12.1	74.7	4.1
	15.1
								Greek	15.7	11.5	68.8	4.0
		11.5						Nationality
	10.0							Foreign	5.0	11.9	77.7	5.3
			4.0
								Self employed with employees	38.7	25.6	30.4	5.4
	0.0							Professional	Self-employed without employees	50.7	16.9	28.9	3.5
Themselves Themselves Employer or	Did not
				status	Employee	0.6	7.7	87.8	3.9
		with	organiztion	answer				Family workers	34.2	24.9	34.5	6.4
		restrictions
							Size class of	Up to 10 employed	26.7	15.4	53.7	4.2
	percentages (%)
						firm	More than 10 employed	1.2	6.9	88.0	3.9

• 69.3% of the respondents, state that the employer or the organization determine the beginning or the end of their working time (Graph 1), including the cases where the working hours are determined by relevant legislation or other administrative restrictions. The employer or the organization determine the working hours mostly regarding persons working in firms with more than 10 employed persons (88.0%), employees (87.8%), persons of foreign nationality (77.7%), women (72.2%), clerical support workers (85.4%) and persons working in public administration (89.7%) and education (84.8%). Furthermore, as the age of the employees increases so does the ability to determine their own working hours (Table 1 and Graph 2).
• On the other hand, the majority of the respondents who state that they can determine by themselves -fully or with some restriction - the beginning and the end of their working time is found primarily among self- employed with or without employees (38.7% and 50.7% respectively), firms with up to 10 employed persons (26.7%) (Table 1), workers in agriculture, forestry and fishing (71.8%) as well as managers (50.4%) (Graph 2).

Graph 2. Determination of working hours by sector of economy and occupation

Sector of economy											Occupation
	Agriculture, forestry & fishing				71.8				25.0				Managers		50.4				45.9
	Manufacturing & energy supply		15.7			80.8					Professionals		23.5			72.1
		Construction		29.0			66.8					Technicians & associate professionals		17.2			78.5
	Wholesale & retail trade		28.4			67.4								10.0			85.4
																Clerical support workers
	Accommodation & food service		21.1			73.8									23.7			72.0
						26.3			68.6					Service & sales workers
	Financial & business activities
	Public administration	7.1		89.7							Agricultural and fishery workers				77.7			19.3
		Education	11.6		84.8						Craft workers		25.8			70.1
		Health		18.3			79.0					Machine operators & assemblers		17.5			79.3
	Other service activities		23.9			71.5					Elementary occupations	12.1			84.1
		TOTAL		26.6			69.3					TOTAL		26.6			95.9
					0%	20%	40%	60%	80%	100%						0%	20%		40%	60%		80%	100%
	Percentages (%)			Themselves		Employers			Did not answer					Themselves		Employers		Did not answer
															Percentages (%)

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B. Changes in the working time

Graph 3. Changes in the working time		Table 2. Changes in the working time
	70.0											At least	At least	Less often	Did not
			62.1
											once a
												once a week	or never	answer
	60.0											month
									Percentages (%)
	50.0									Gender	Males	18.1	19.6	57.8	4.4
									Females	12.2	15.1	67.9	4.8
	40.0										15-24	13.8	21.8	58.5	5.8
										25-34	15.8	17.2	62.6	4.4
	30.0									Age group	35-44	15.3	18.6	61.5	4.5
										45-54	15.2	17.3	63.3	4.2
	20.0		15.6	17.7							55+	17.1	16.6	61.2	5.2
								Level of	Up to lower secondary	18.0	19.3	57.5	5.2
										Upper secondary & Post secondary	16.7	18.2	60.7	4.4
	10.0									education
					4.6			Tertiary	13.2	16.3	66.1	4.4
	0.0									Nationality	Greek	15.6	17.5	62.4	4.5
									Foreign	15.7	21.2	57.0	6.1
	At least	At least	Less often	Did not
						Self employed with employees	24.6	19.7	49.4	6.3
		once a week	once a	or never	answer
				Professional	Self-employed without employees	27.5	20.8	47.2	4.6
				month						status	Employee	10.7	16.6	68.4	4.3
											Family workers	21.1	17.7	54.3	6.9
	percentages (%)							Size class of	Up to 10 employed	20.9	19.2	55.0	4.9
							firm	More than 10 employed	9.4	16.0	70.5	4.2

• According to the survey results, 15.6% of the employed persons face a need for changing the working hours due to the work demands, at least once a week while for another 17.7% it happens at least once a month. For more than half of the respondents (62.1%) the need for a change in the working time occurs less frequently or never (Graph 3).
• The employed persons who most frequently face changes in working time are mainly males (18.1%), with lower education (18.0%), self-employed with or without employees (24.6% and 27.5% respectively) or persons working in smaller firms with up to 10 employed persons (20.9%), people working in the sectors of construction (25.1%), accommodation-food services (22.8%) and agriculture-forestry-fishing (22.4%) (Table 2 and Graph 4).

Graph 4. Changes in the working time at least once a week by sector of economy and occupation

Sector of economy								Occupation
	Agriculture, forestry & fishing						22.4				Managers						21.8
	Manufacturing & energy supply				11.0						Professionals				13.8
		Construction						25.1				Technicians & associate professionals				13.6
	Wholesale & retail trade				12.5						Clerical support workers			7.8
	Accommodation & food service						22.8
												Service & sales workers				16.2
	Financial	& business activities					19.9
												Agricultural and fishery workers						22.8
		Public administration		6.2
		Education		4.4								Craft workers				17.7
		Health				14.5						Machine operators & assemblers						22.7
	Other service activities						21.0				Elementary occupations				13.6
		TOTAL				15.6						TOTAL				15.6
	percentages (%)
	0.0	10.0	20.0	30.0			percentages(%)	0.0	10.0	20.0	30.0

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C. Contacted on work issues outside working hours

Graph 5. Contacted on work issues outside working		Table 3. Contacted on work issues outside working hours
hours
	60.0													Several times	Several times
55.6
												One or	and were	and was not
													Did not
												Never	two	expected to act	expected to act
	50.0		Employees were contacted							answer
									times	before next	before next
			outside working hours (39.4)
							Percentages (%)			working day	working day
	40.0									Gender	Males	50.6	31.7	10.8	2.0	4.9
									Females	62.4	25.2	6.2	1.2	5.0
			29.0								15-24	63.1	23.0	6.7	0.7	6.6
	30.0									25-34	57.1	28.9	8.1	1.4	4.6
										Age group	35-44	55.8	29.1	8.8	1.7	4.6
	20.0										45-54	55.0	29.4	9.2	1.7	4.7
										55+	53.0	29.4	9.7	2.1	5.8
										Level of	Up to lower secondary	56.8	28.4	7.5	1.7	5.5
				8.8						Upper secondary & Post secondary	57.8	27.6	8.3	1.5	4.8
	10.0								education
				1.6	4.9				Tertiary	52.4	30.9	10.2	1.8	4.8
									Nationality	Greek	55.1	29.2	9.1	1.7	4.9
	0.0									Foreign	63.6	24.7	4.2	1.4	6.1
	Never	One or two	Several	Several	Did not
					Self employed with employees	32.2	37.6	20.5	2.8	6.9
			times	times and	times and	answer			Professional	Self-employed without employees	39.8	37.1	15.1	2.9	5.1
				were	was not					status	Employee	63.1	25.6	5.6	1.1	4.6
				expected to expected to
									Family workers	55.4	26.3	9.4	1.6	7.3
				act	act
	percentages (%)						Size class of	Up to 10 employed	48.9	32.3	11.3	2.1	5.3
								firm	More than 10 employed	63.6	24.9	5.9	1.1	4.5

• According to the survey results, 39.4% of the respondents were contacted outside their working hours in the last two months. 29.0% were contacted outside their working hours on a few occasions (once or twice) while a share of 8.8% was contacted several times, mostly with the expectation to act at short notice (Graph 5).
• The employed persons who were most frequently contacted outside working hours were mainly self- employed with employees (20.5% and 2.8%), males (10.8% and 2.0%), Greek nationals (9.1% and 1.7%) and of tertiary education (10.2% and 1.8%) (Table 3).
• On the contrary, persons in elementary occupations (68.1%) and clerical support workers (64.4%) as well as those working in education (68.6%) and public administration (66.1%) are the respondent categories least contacted on work matters outside working hours (Graph 6).

Graph 6. Never contacted on work issues outside working hours by sector of economy and occupation

Sector of economy													Occupation
	Agriculture, forestry & fishing								54.0					Managers						35.7
	Manufacturing & energy supply								59.9					Professionals							47.7
	Construction							43.3						Technicians & associate…							54.9
	Wholesale & retail trade								55.6					Clerical support workers								64.4
	Accommodation & food service								57.8					Service & sales workers								59.6
	Financial & business activities							42.6
	Public administration								66.1				Agricultural and fishery workers								54.0
	Education								68.6			Craft workers							49.0
	Health								53.6					Machine operators &…						55.9
	Other service activities							52.8					Elementary occupations									68.1
	TOTAL							55.6					TOTAL							55.6
	percentages(%)	0.0	20.0	40.0	60.0	80.0			percentages (%)	0.0	20.0	40.0	60.0	80.0

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