U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes

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U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - APRIL 2021

U.S. import prices advanced 0.7 percent in April following a 1.4-percent increase in March, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Higher prices for fuel and nonfuel imports contributed to both the April and March advances. Prices for U.S. exports increased 0.8 percent in April, after rising 2.4 percent the previous month.

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: April 2020 - April 2021

1-month percent change				12-month percent change

13.0
11.0
9.0													10.6
7.0													7.0
5.0
										3.0
3.0
	0.7	1.3	1.2	0.9				1.0	1.5	1.2	1.4
1.0			-0.1	0.1	0.7
	0.2
						1.0
-1.0									-0.3
						-1.0
-3.0						-1.3	-1.0
-2.6				-1.4
		-2.8
-5.0
		-4.0
-7.0		-6.3
-9.0	-6.8
Apr'20	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr'21

Imports

The price index for U.S. imports continued to rise in April, advancing 0.7 percent. The April increase followed advances of 1.4 percent in March, 1.2 percent in February, and 1.5 percent in January. In April, a 0.7-percent rise in nonfuel import prices and a 0.5-percent increase in fuel prices both contributed to the overall advance. U.S. import prices rose 10.6 percent from April 2020 to April 2021, the largest over-the- year increase for the index since an 11.1-percent advance for the year ended October 2011. (See table 1.)

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on April 2021 Import and Export Price Index Data The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation methodology for the April 2021 release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for April 2021 were 2.3-percentagepoints lower than those in April 2020. Additional information is available atwww.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-april-2021.htm.

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel rose 0.5 percent in April, after increasing 7.5 percent in March, 11.0 percent in February, and 9.0 percent in January. In April, increasing petroleum prices more than offset decreasing natural gas prices. The price index for import petroleum rose 1.2 percent in April following an 8.4-percent increase the previous month. Prices for import natural gas declined 12.1 percent in April, after a 4.8-percent drop in March. The April decrease was the largest decline since the index fell 14.7 percent in October 2020. Import fuel prices advanced 126.5 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month increase for the index since a 145.1-percent rise for the year ended in February 2000. Prices for petroleum and natural gas also advanced for the year ended in April, rising 133.7 percent and 59.6 percent, respectively.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Import prices excluding fuel increased 0.7 percent in April following a 0.9- percent advance the previous month. Higher prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; foods, feeds, and beverages; capital goods; and automotive vehicles all contributed to the April rise in nonfuel import prices. Prices for nonfuel imports advanced 5.0 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the- year increase since the index rose 5.4 percent in September 2011.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials advanced 2.4 percent in April, after increasing 4.0 percent in March. The April rise was driven by higher prices for building materials, chemicals, and unfinished metals.

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major finished goods categories advanced in April. Capital goods prices increased 0.3 percent, the largest advance since the index rose 0.3 percent in February 2018. Prices for automotive vehicles increased 0.2 percent in April following 0.1-percent advances the previous 2 months. Consumer goods prices recorded no change in April.

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices rose 2.0 percent in April, after increasing 2.1 percent the previous month. The April advance was led by higher fruit and meat prices.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

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Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: April 2020 - April 2021

1-month percent change				12-month percent change

16.0
14.0
12.0													14.4
10.0
8.0											5.4	9.5
6.0
4.0			1.8						1.2	2.7	1.6	2.4
2.0		0.0	1.0	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.8			0.8
0.0
								0.4	2.5
-2.0								-1.0
					-1.8	-1.7
-4.0					-2.7
-3.5
		-3.7
-6.0		-4.5
-8.0	-7.0	-6.7
-10.0
Apr'20	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr'21

Exports

U.S. export prices rose 0.8 percent in April, after increasing 2.4 percent in March, 1.6 percent in February, and 2.7 percent in January. The price index for U.S. exports has not recorded a monthly decline since a 3.5- percent drop in April 2020. A 0.9-percent advance in nonagricultural prices and a 0.6-percent rise in agricultural prices both contributed to the April increase in U.S. export prices. Prices for U.S. exports rose

14.4 percent for the year ended in April, the largest 12-month increase since the index was first published in September 1983. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports advanced 0.6 percent in April following rises of 2.4 percent in March, 2.7 percent in February, and 6.0 percent in January. In April, higher prices for other animal feeds, meat, dairy products, and vegetables more than offset lower prices for wheat, nuts, fruit, and cotton. Agricultural export prices increased 25.2 percent for the year ended in April, the largest 12- month advance since the index rose 26.4 percent in July 2011. Higher prices for soybeans, corn, cotton, fruit, vegetables, and meat primarily drove the increase in agricultural exports over the past 12 months.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports advanced 0.9 percent in April, after increases of 2.4 percent, 1.5 percent, and 2.3 percent the previous 3 months. The rise in April was led by higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials, capital goods, and automotive vehicles which more than offset lower prices for consumer goods. Nonagricultural prices advanced 13.1 percent from April 2020 to April 2021, the largest over-the-year increase since the index was first published in March 1985.

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices rose 1.8 percent in April following a 6.0-percent advance the previous month. The April increase was driven by a 6.9-percent rise in chemical prices which more than offset a 1.9-percent drop in fuel prices.

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods categories were mostly up in April. Capital goods prices advanced 0.3 percent in April, after increasing 0.2 percent in March. The April rise was led by higher prices for industrial and service machinery and computers, peripherals, and semiconductors. The price index for automotive vehicles advanced 0.2 percent in April following a 0.1-percent increase the previous month. In contrast, consumer goods prices edged down 0.1 percent in April.

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Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China rose 0.4 percent in April, after advancing 1.5 percent from November to March. Prices for imports from China increased 2.1 percent for the year ended in April, the largest 12-month advance since a 2.6-percent rise in March 2012. The price index for imports from Japan advanced 0.4 percent in April following a 0.3-percent increase the previous month. The April rise was the largest 1-month advance since the index rose 0.5 percent in January 2018. Import prices from Japan increased 1.7 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year advance since a 1.9-percent rise in January 2012. Prices for imports from Canada increased 1.1 percent in April and import prices from Mexico advanced 0.7 percent. The April rises followed advances in March of 4.4 percent for import prices from Canada and 0.9 percent for import prices from Mexico. The price index for imports from the European Union also rose in April, ticking up 0.1 percent. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China advanced 0.6 percent in April, after increasing 3.8 percent in March. Export prices to China advanced 16.0 percent from April 2020 to April 2021, the largest 12-month increase since the index was first published in December 2017. The price index for exports to Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in April following increases of 1.3 percent in March, 1.6 percent in February, and 2.2 percent in January. Prices for exports to Japan rose 15.2 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year advance since the index was first published in December 2017. Export prices to Canada and Mexico also increased in April, rising 1.3 percent and 2.5 percent, respectively. The price index for exports to the European Union advanced 0.2 percent in April, after increasing 1.1 percent the previous month. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China rose 0.2 percent in April following a 3.4-percent advance the previous month. In April, increasing export prices to China more than offset rising import prices from China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China advanced 13.6 percent from April 2020 to April 2021, the largest 12-month increase since the index was first published in December 2017. In contrast, U.S. terms of trade with Japan declined 0.4 percent in April, the first monthly decrease since the index fell 3.4 percent in April 2020. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Canada rose 0.2 percent in April, after falling 2.8 percent in March. In April, U.S. terms of trade advanced 1.8 percent with Mexico and 0.1 percent with the European Union. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: The index for import air passenger fares advanced 0.9 percent in April, after decreasing 3.6 percent in March. In April, higher European and Latin American/Caribbean fares more than offset falling Asian fares. Import air passenger fares rose 8.0 percent over the past year, the first 12-month increase since the index advanced 1.2 percent in January 2019. Import air freight prices increased 8.3 percent in April following a 1.9-percent drop in March. The April advance was the largest rise since a 9.8-percent increase in November 2020, and import air freight prices rose 28.0 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares rose 0.2 percent in April, after declining 1.5 percent in March and 4.7 percent in February. The index for export air passenger fares increased 26.9 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year advance since a 30.5-percent rise in July 2010. Prices for export air freight fell 2.8 percent in April. Despite the decrease, export air freight prices increased 0.6 percent over the past year.

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for May are scheduled for release on Wednesday, June 16, 2021 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

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Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2020 to April 2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

					Index		Percent change
		Relative				Annual		Monthly
		importance
Description	End Use	Mar.		Apr.	Apr.	Dec.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.
Mar.
		2021		2021	2020 to	2020 to	2021 to	2021 to	2021 to
		2021	1
			Apr.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	Apr.
							2021	2021	2021	2021	2021
All commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		100.000	129.8	130.7	10.6	1.5	1.2	1.4	0.7
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.
2010=100). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		84.828	102.9	103.5	4.9	0.8	0.4	0.8	0.6
All imports excluding petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . .		91.842	116.6	117.4	5.3	0.9	0.5	0.8	0.7
All imports excluding fuels (Dec.
2001=100). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		91.215	120.6	121.4	5.0	0.9	0.4	0.9	0.7
Foods, feeds, & beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	0	6.388	185.6	189.3	7.5	1.8	1.3	2.1	2.0
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,
excluding distilled beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . .	00	4.995	202.2	205.8	8.1	1.8	1.6	2.3	1.8
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled
beverages). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	01	1.393	148.2	152.3	5.0	1.7	0.3	1.5	2.8
Industrial supplies & materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . .	1	23.993	212.1	215.8	50.7	5.8	4.7	5.2	1.7
Industrial supplies & materials excluding
petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		16.047	185.2	188.7	26.0	4.0	2.0	3.6	1.9
Industrial supplies & materials excluding
fuels (Dec. 2001=100). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		15.286	208.5	213.6	25.5	4.3	1.5	4.0	2.4
Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . . .		10.122	212.7	218.0	33.1	5.7	1.3	4.6	2.5
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable
excluding petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		5.713	150.8	152.3	15.2	1.3	3.3	1.8	1.0
Fuels & lubricants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	10	8.785	220.5	221.5	126.5	9.0	11.0	7.5	0.5
Petroleum & petroleum products. . . . . . . . .	100	8.158	236.3	239.1	133.7	9.9	10.8	8.4	1.2
Crude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	10000	5.499	252.0	249.9	188.2	10.5	12.1	9.4	-0.8
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	101	0.536	151.1	136.0	51.3	-1.2	16.1	-4.5	-10.0
Gas-natural. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	10110	0.458	142.3	125.1	59.6	-1.9	18.0	-4.8	-12.1
Paper & paper base stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	11	0.478	113.5	114.5	6.8	-0.8	1.3	3.0	0.9
Materials associated with nondurable
supplies & materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	12	4.608	166.7	171.0	13.3	2.0	1.9	2.7	2.6
Selected building materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	13	2.101	212.7	225.1	59.1	12.9	0.6	6.4	5.8
Unfinished metals related to durable
goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	14	4.365	330.5	336.6	47.6	6.8	1.6	6.7	1.8
Finished metals related to durable
goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	15	1.929	175.2	178.9	15.1	1.7	2.5	2.6	2.1
Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . . .	16	1.728	114.4	114.8	2.3	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.3
Capital goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	2	27.689	88.8	89.1	1.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3
Electric generating equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	20	3.399	121.5	122.4	0.7	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.7
Nonelectrical machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	21	21.714	80.6	80.8	1.1	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor
vehicles (Dec. 2001=100). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	22	2.576	137.8	138.1	2.1	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines. . . . .	3	15.590	111.6	111.8	0.9	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding
automotives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	4	26.341	107.2	107.2	0.8	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	40	13.404	124.3	124.2	0.2	-0.5	0.2	0.2	-0.1
Durables, manufactured. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	41	11.880	91.2	91.4	0.9	0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.2
Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . . .	42	1.058	118.6	118.8	-	0.3	0.0	0.9	0.2

• Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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